Growth, Structure, Spectroscopy, and Laser Performance of Nd∶GSAG Crystals

Lei Huang; Qingli Zhang; Jianqiao Luo; Wenpeng Liu; Junrui Zhang; Renqin Dou; Guihua Sun; Cong Quan; Yingying Chen; Shoujun Ding; Yao Liu; Ying Fan

doi:10.3788/CJL230665

Journals >Chinese Journal of Lasers >Volume 50 >Issue 23 >Page 2301007 > Article

Chinese Journal of Lasers
Vol. 50, Issue 23, 2301007 (2023)

Growth, Structure, Spectroscopy, and Laser Performance of Nd∶GSAG Crystals

Lei Huang^1、2、3, Qingli Zhang^2、3、*, Jianqiao Luo^2、3, Wenpeng Liu^2、3, Junrui Zhang^1、2、3, Renqin Dou^2、3, Guihua Sun^2、3, Cong Quan^2、3, Yingying Chen^2、3、4, Shoujun Ding^2、3、5, Yao Liu^1、2、3, and Ying Fan^2、3、6

Author Affiliations

¹School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China

²Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China

³Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, Anhui, China

⁴Science Island Branch, Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China

⁵School of Microelectronics and Data Science, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan243002, Anhui, China

⁶Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230061, Anhui, China

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DOI: 10.3788/CJL230665 Cite this Article Set citation alerts

Lei Huang, Qingli Zhang, Jianqiao Luo, Wenpeng Liu, Junrui Zhang, Renqin Dou, Guihua Sun, Cong Quan, Yingying Chen, Shoujun Ding, Yao Liu, Ying Fan. Growth, Structure, Spectroscopy, and Laser Performance of Nd∶GSAG Crystals[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2023, 50(23): 2301007 Copy Citation Text

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$Nd∶GSAG crystal with doping atomic fraction of 0.94% grown by Czochralski method. (a) Before annealing; (b) after annealing$

Fig. 1. Nd∶GSAG crystal with doping atomic fraction of 0.94% grown by Czochralski method. (a) Before annealing; (b) after annealing

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Fig. 2. LD end-pumped laser experimental setup

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$Single crystal swing curve of Nd∶GSAG crystal with doping atomic fraction of 0.94%$

Fig. 3. Single crystal swing curve of Nd∶GSAG crystal with doping atomic fraction of 0.94%

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$X-ray powder diffraction pattern of Nd∶GSAG crystal with doping atomic fraction of 0.94% and GSAG standard pattern ICSD 78052$

Fig. 4. X-ray powder diffraction pattern of Nd∶GSAG crystal with doping atomic fraction of 0.94% and GSAG standard pattern ICSD 78052

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$Full spectrum fitting of Nd∶GSAG crystal with doping atomic fraction of 0.94%$

Fig. 5. Full spectrum fitting of Nd∶GSAG crystal with doping atomic fraction of 0.94%

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$Transmission and absorption spectra of Nd∶GSAG crystal with doping atomic fraction of 0.94%. (a) Transmission spectra; (b) absorption spectra$

Fig. 6. Transmission and absorption spectra of Nd∶GSAG crystal with doping atomic fraction of 0.94%. (a) Transmission spectra; (b) absorption spectra

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Fig. 7. Emission spectra of Nd∶GSAG crystals and Nd∶YAG crystals. (a) 900‒1400 nm; (b) 1045‒1085 nm

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Fig. 8. Fluorescence lifetime decay curves of laser upper level ⁴F_3/2. (a) Nd∶GSAG; (b) Nd∶YAG

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$Laser output wavelengths of Nd∶GSAG crystal with doping atomic fraction of 0.94% and Nd∶YAG crystal with doping atomic fraction of 0.6% under different output mirrors. (a) M2; (b) M1$

Fig. 9. Laser output wavelengths of Nd∶GSAG crystal with doping atomic fraction of 0.94% and Nd∶YAG crystal with doping atomic fraction of 0.6% under different output mirrors. (a) M2; (b) M1

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$Laser output powers of Nd∶GSAG crystal with doping atomic fraction of 0.94% and Nd∶YAG crystal with doping atomic fraction of 0.6%$

Fig. 10. Laser output powers of Nd∶GSAG crystal with doping atomic fraction of 0.94% and Nd∶YAG crystal with doping atomic fraction of 0.6%

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Fig. 11. Beam diameter versus d for lasers with different wavelengths. (a) 942 nm; (b) 946 nm; (c) 1060 nm; (d) 1064 nm

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Crystal	Wavelength /nm	Transmittance /%	Absorption coefficient /cm^-1	Absorption cross-section /（10^-20 cm²）	FWHM /nm
Nd∶YAG	808.4	49.19	3.56	4.30	2.79
0.94% Nd∶GSAG	808.5	46.52	3.79	3.41	3.23
1.20% Nd∶GSAG	808.5	38.95	4.97	3.50	3.28

Table 1. Absorption characteristic parameters of Nd∶GSAG crystals and Nd∶YAG crystals

Crystal	Transition	Wavelength / nm	Fluorescence branching ratio	Emission cross-section /（10^-20 cm²）	Laser threshold /W	Slope efficiency /%	Maximum power /W	Light conversion efficiency /%	Pump light absorptance in crystal /%
Nd∶GSAG	⁴F_3/2→⁴I_9/2	942	0.40	2.33	3.06	5.5	0.66	4.2	68‒83
Nd∶YAG	⁴F_3/2→⁴I_9/2	946	0.37	1.95	5.56	5.0	0.56	3.2	68‒89
Nd∶GSAG	⁴F_3/2→⁴I_11/2	1060	0.49	5.62	0.42	28.4	2.17	24.9	66‒79
Nd∶YAG	⁴F_3/2→⁴I_11/2	1064	0.56	14.22	0.25	28.5	2.26	26.4	66‒76

Table 2. Laser experimental performance parameters of Nd∶GSAG crystal with doping atomic fraction of 0.94% and Nd∶YAG crystal with doping atomic fraction of 0.6%

Crystal	Wavelength /nm	FWHM of laser spectrum /nm	Direction	Beam quality factor	Beam divergence angle /rad	Girdle diameter /mm
Nd∶GSAG	942	0.53	Horizontal	2.72	0.03155	0.1048
	942	0.53	Vertical	3.45	0.03491	0.1185
	1060	0.59	Horizontal	2.49	0.03029	0.1111
	1060	0.59	Vertical	2.63	0.03155	0.1122
Nd∶YAG	946	0.66	Horizontal	3.81	0.03335	0.1375
	946	0.66	Vertical	3.73	0.03018	0.1488
	1064	0.64	Horizontal	3.16	0.03295	0.1300
	1064	0.64	Vertical	2.71	0.03129	0.1172

Table 3. Fitting results of beam quality

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