• Photonics Research
  • Vol. 12, Issue 5, 912 (2024)
Zuoyu Zhou1、2、†, Weihan Xu1、†, Chuxin Liu1, Ruiyang Xu1, Chen Zhu1, Xinhang Li1, Liangjun Lu1、3、*, Jianping Chen1、3, and Linjie Zhou1、3
Author Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Navigation and Location Services, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
  • 2SJTU-Pinghu Institute of Intelligent Optoelectronics, Pinghu 314200, China
  • 3State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company Chengdu Xinjin Power Supply Branch, Xinjin 611430, China
  • show less
    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.509595 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Zuoyu Zhou, Weihan Xu, Chuxin Liu, Ruiyang Xu, Chen Zhu, Xinhang Li, Liangjun Lu, Jianping Chen, Linjie Zhou. Butler matrix enabled multi-beam optical phased array for two-dimensional beam-steering and ranging[J]. Photonics Research, 2024, 12(5): 912 Copy Citation Text show less
    References

    [1] F. Zhao, H. Jiang, Z. Liu. Recent development of automotive LiDAR technology, industry and trends. Proc. SPIE, 11179, 111794A(2019).

    [2] Y. Wang, G. Zhou, X. Zhang. 2D broadband beam steering with large-scale MEMS optical phased array. Optica, 6, 557-562(2019).

    [3] C. P. Hsu, B. Li, B. Solano-Rivas. A review and perspective on optical phased array for automotive LiDAR. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., 27, 8300416(2020).

    [4] Y. Wang, G. Zhou, X. Zhang. 160 × 160 MEMS-based 2-D optical phased array. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), SM3I.3(2018).

    [5] X. Zhang, K. Kwon, J. Henriksson. A large-scale microelectromechanical-systems-based silicon photonics LiDAR. Nature, 603, 253-258(2022).

    [6] Y. Guo, Y. Guo, C. Li. Integrated optical phased arrays for beam forming and steering. Appl. Sci., 11, 4017(2021).

    [7] K. Van Acoleyen, W. Bogaerts, J. Jágerská. Off-chip beam steering with a one-dimensional optical phased array on silicon-on-insulator. Opt. Lett., 34, 1477-1479(2009).

    [8] J. K. Doylend, M. J. R. Heck, J. T. Bovington. Two-dimensional free-space beam steering with an optical phased array on silicon-on-insulator. Opt. Express, 19, 21595-21604(2011).

    [9] J. C. Hulme, J. K. Doylend, M. J. R. Heck. Fully integrated hybrid silicon free-space beam steering source with 32-channel phased array. Proc. SPIE, 8989, 898907(2014).

    [10] J. Sun, E. Timurdogan, A. Yaacobi. Large-scale nanophotonic phased array. Nature, 493, 195-199(2013).

    [11] Q. Wang, S. Wang, L. Jia. Silicon nitride assisted 1 × 64 optical phased array based on a SOI platform. Opt. Express, 29, 10509-10517(2021).

    [12] J. He, T. Dong, Y. Xu. Review of photonic integrated optical phased arrays for space optical communication. IEEE Access, 8, 188284(2020).

    [13] R. Fatemi, B. Abiri, A. Khachaturian. High sensitivity active flat optics optical phased array receiver with a two-dimensional aperture. Opt. Express, 26, 29983-29999(2018).

    [14] P. Muñoz, D. Pastor, J. Benítez. Optical-phased array beam-steering using multi-input slab coupler in silicon nitride waveguides. Optical Fiber Communication Conference, W1D(2021).

    [15] Y. Liu, Z. Hao, L. Wang. On-chip multi-beam emitting optical phased array for wide-angle LIDAR. CLEO: Applications and Technology, JTu2G(2020).

    [16] Y. Wu, S. Shao, D. Che. Fast and low grating lobe multi-beam steering with a subarray level unequally spaced optical phased array. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 38, 3417-3424(2021).

    [17] N. Tyler, D. Fowler, S. Malhouitre. SiN integrated optical phased arrays for two-dimensional beam steering at a single near-infrared wavelength. Opt. Express, 27, 5851-5858(2019).

    [18] L. Wu, X. Wang, X. He. Arbitrary multiple beam forming by two cascaded liquid crystal optical phased arrays. Opt. Express, 26, 17066-17077(2018).

    [19] D. Leonardo, F. Ianni, G. Ruocco. Computer generation of optimal holograms for optical trap arrays. Opt. Express, 15, 1913-1922(2007).

    [20] J. Guo, M. Li, P. Chen. A multi-beam network based on silicon-based optical waveguide. 11th UK-Europe-China Workshop on Millimeter Waves and Terahertz Technologies (UCMMT), 1-3(2018).

    [21] P. Lu, W. Xu, C. Zhu. Integrated multi-beam optical phased array based on a 4 × 4 Butler matrix. Opt. Lett., 46, 1566-1569(2021).

    [22] H. Y. Chi, W. Hong, H. Lai. Silicon ribbon-based dual-beam optical phased array with low crosstalk and large FoV. Appl. Sci., 12, 505(2022).

    [23] A. Khavasi, L. Chrostowski, Z. Lu. Significant crosstalk reduction using all-dielectric CMOS-compatible metamaterials. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., 28, 2787-2790(2016).

    [24] J. M. Heaton, R. M. Jenkins. General matrix theory of self-imaging in multi-mode interference (MMI) couplers. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., 11, 212-214(1999).

    [25] S. Y. Tseng, C. Fuentes-Hernandez, D. Owens. Variable splitting ratio 2 × 2 MMI couplers using multi-mode waveguide holograms. Opt. Express, 15, 9015-9021(2007).

    [26] R. Nicolas, C. Lukas, V. Raha. Temperature effects on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) racetrack resonators: a coupled analytic and 2-D finite difference approach. J. Lightwave Technol., 28, 1380-1391(2010).

    [27] Z. Zhou, W. Xu, X. Li. Butler matrix enabled multi-beam optical phased array for two-dimensional beam-steering. 27th Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference (OECC) and 2022 International Conference on Photonics in Switching and Computing (PSC), 1-3(2022).

    [28] Y. Li, B. Chen, Q. Na. Wide-steering-angle high-resolution optical phased array. Photonics Res., 9, 2511-2518(2021).

    [29] J. Zheng. Optical Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) Interferometry(2005).

    [30] C. Liu, L. Lu, Y. Guo. Hybrid integrated frequency-modulated continuous-wave laser with synchronous tuning. J. Lightwave Technol., 40, 5636-5645(2022).

    [31] W. D. Sacher, J. C. Mikkelsen, P. Dumais. Tri-layer silicon nitride-on-silicon photonic platform for ultra-low-loss crossings and interlayer transitions. Opt. Express, 25, 30862-30875(2017).

    Zuoyu Zhou, Weihan Xu, Chuxin Liu, Ruiyang Xu, Chen Zhu, Xinhang Li, Liangjun Lu, Jianping Chen, Linjie Zhou. Butler matrix enabled multi-beam optical phased array for two-dimensional beam-steering and ranging[J]. Photonics Research, 2024, 12(5): 912
    Download Citation