The physical and chemical characteristics changes of polymer under irradiation environment were analyzed. The radiation damage and recovery property for Polystyrene (PS) optical fiber, polycarbonate (PC) optical fiber, and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) optical fiber under γ-ray irradiation were researched experimentally. Under different irradiation dose, the light transmission rate reduced by different ratio, and the irradiation damage of fibers could recover by different extent after stopping irradiating, moreover, the recovery happened mainly during the shorter time after irradiation. Under low dose irradiation 102 Gy, the transmission rate reduced a little, and the irradiation damage can recover during a short time. When the irradiation dose reached 103 Gy, the recovery process need longer time. When the irradiation dose exceeded 5×103 Gy, the transmission rate reduced obviously, and the recovery process is slow and the irradiation damage can′t recover completely, that indicated fiber suffered lasting damage. By comparing experimental results of PS, PMMA, and PC opitcal fiber, It is discovered that the anti-irradiation performance of the PS optical fiber is better than that of both PMMA and PC optical fiber