Fig. 1. Schematic of horizontal modulation OVS
Fig. 2. Internal structure section of OVS sensing head
Fig. 3. BGO crystal thermal model
Fig. 4. Schematic of external temperature change
Fig. 5. Coordinate system definition of stage II temperature field
Fig. 6. Construction of BGO crystal thermal circuit model
Fig. 7. Flow of central differential Kalman filtering
Fig. 8. Temperature fitting image of BGO crystal physical properties parameters
Fig. 9. Simulation of BGO crystal temperature field
Fig. 10. Model calculation and simulation comparison of BGO crystal face center point and body center point
Fig. 11. Cooling environment BGO body center point model calculation and simulation comparison
Fig. 12. Temperature-time distribution at each position of the central axis of the BGO crystal
Fig. 13. The analytical formula of the through optical path and the relative error of the simulation
Fig. 14. Comparison of the measured data of the temperature of the center point of the crystal surface and the calculated value of the temperature field model
Fig. 15. BGO crystal internal temperature estimation result
Fig. 16. Photodetector linear response calibration
Fig. 17. The AC and DC components of the sensor output signal in a heating environment
Fig. 18. CDKF estimation results for refractive index n0
Fig. 19. Optical voltage sensor temperature compensation experimental platform equipment
Fig. 20. Optical voltage sensor temperature compensation experiment platform connection schematic
Parameters | Fitting equations and evaluation metrics |
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Thermal conductivity λ/(W·m-1·K-1) | Formula | | Indicator | SSE | R-square | RMSE | 0.018 2 | 0.998 7 | 0.067 46 | Specific heat capacity Cp/(J·kg-1·K-1) | Formula | | Indicator | SSE | R-square | RMSE | 0.023 59 | 1 | 0.108 6 | Thermal diffusivity α'/(10-6·K-1) | Formula | | Indicator | SSE | R-square | RMSE | 0.003 848 | 0.999 3 | 0.025 32 |
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Table 1. Fitting formula and evaluation index of physical properties parameters
Parameters | Value |
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Poisson's ratio μ | 0.175 | Convective heat transfer coefficient h | 2.5 W·m-2·K-1 | Elasto-optical coefficient p11-p12 | -2.995×10-13 m2·N-1 | Elasto-optical coefficient p44 | -1.365×10-12 m2·N-1 | Crystal length l | 10 mm | Crystal thickness d | 5 mm |
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Table 2. Model parameters
Parameters | Thermal resistance R | Thermal capacity C |
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Value | 1 604.708 8 | 2.297 2 |
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Table 3. Thermal path model parameters
Temperature/℃ | Compensation voltage /kV |
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20 | 2.984 4 | 25 | 2.989 8 | 30 | 3.014 4 | 35 | 2.990 1 | 40 | 3.011 1 |
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Table 4. Calculation results of voltage compensation at different external temperatures
Temperature/℃ | D-Kalman | BPNN |
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20 | 0.52% | 0.96% | 25 | 0.34% | 0.79% | 30 | 0.48% | 0.66% | 35 | 0.33% | 0.82% | 40 | 0.37% | 0.91% |
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Table 5. Comparison of relative errors of different temperature compensation methods under the same platform
Temperature range | Compensation methods | Compensation results |
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[20 ℃,40 ℃] | D-Kalman | 0.52% | [-10 ℃,50 ℃] | Fresnel rhombic crystal | 0.9% | [20 ℃,30 ℃] | Reciprocal optical path | 1.53% |
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Table 6. Comparison of relative errors of different temperature compensation methods for different platforms
Equipment | Manufacturer | Model |
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Light source | FIBKEY | 6 900 Series Handheld Light Source | Photodetector | THORLABS | PDA36A2 | High frequency transformer | Yangzhou Pengxiang Electric Power Equipment Factory | PX1007 | Fluorescent fiber thermometer | INDIGO | FOTS-DINA-7060-N |
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Table 7. Experimental equipment model