Author Affiliations
1Guangxi Key Lab of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electrnic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China2Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singaporeshow less
Fig. 1. Laser stripe of linear structured light
Fig. 2. Stripe cross section of linear structured light
Fig. 3. Area with poor reflection. (a) Fouling area of steel plate; (b) laser stripe weak light uneven area
Fig. 4. Weak light uneven area of laser strip with large slope change. (a) Plane area; (b) surface area
Fig. 5. Cross section pixel histogram of uneven area and low brightness with laser strip. (a) Low brightness area 1; (b) low brightness area 2; (c) uneven area 1; (d) uneven area 2
Fig. 6. Center break in low brightness uneven area
Fig. 7. Chain code representation. (a) Eight-neighborhood chain code representation; (b) eight-neighborhood coordinate representation
Fig. 8. Hypothetical laser stripe diagram
Fig. 9. Search strategy map
Fig. 10. Internal propulsion diagram
Fig. 11. Flow chart of proposed algorithm
Fig. 12. Experimental platform. (a) Platform 1; (b) platorm 2
Fig. 13. Extraction results of non-robust laser stripes. (a) Globally non-robust laser stripes; (b) bending non-robust laser stripes; (c) large slope non-robust laser stripes
Fig. 14. Laser stripe simulation image
Fig. 15. Center extraction result with threshold of 210
Fig. 16. Center extraction result with threshold of 100
Fig. 17. Reflective lamination of V-groove welds
Fig. 18. Extraction results of laser stripes in different interference environments. (a) Arc interference result; (b) splash interference result
Number | Gray gravity algorithm | Steger algorithm | Proposed algorithm | Sun algorithm |
---|
1 | (573.636,30.452) | (573.211,1.770) | (570.071,1.623) | (572.560,49.428) | 2 | (574.493,30.452) | (573.779,1.752) | (570.942,1.612) | (573.589,44.502) | 3 | (299.957,76.573) | (298.428,82.420) | (292.035,1.758) | (292.696,27.070) | 4 | (368.848,90.788) | (370.131,92.979) | (368.782,90.569) | (369.500,90.603) | 5 | (300.862,82.576) | (303.439,83.472) | (300.547,82.487) | (301.376,83.518) |
|
Table 1. Error analysis of central coordinatesunit: pixel
Gray gravity algorithm | Steger algorithm | Proposed algorithm | Sun algorithm |
---|
0.815355 | 4.142400 | 0.271103 | 0.601000 |
|
Table 2. RMSE analysis of centerunit: pixel
Number | Gray gravity algorithm | Steger algorithm | Proposed algorithm | Sun algorithm |
---|
1 | 0.509 | 6.560 | 0.205 | 0.348 | 2 | 0.519 | 6.522 | 0.211 | 0.340 | 3 | 0.642 | 3.775 | 0.405 | 0.437 | 4 | 0.536 | 4.414 | 0.306 | 0.357 | 5 | 0.579 | 3.553 | 0.408 | 0.416 |
|
Table 3. Running time of each algorithmunit: s
Noise | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|
SPN | (8.4×10-4,3.7×10-3) | (0,-5.6×10-4) | (0,1.0×10-3) | (0,-3.4×10-5) | (1.1×10-3,8.8×10-4) | GN | (1.4×10-4,6.8×10-3) | (-2.0×10-4,-9.8×10-3) | (1.3×10-3,4.7×10-2) | (0,-4.6×10-4) | (-8.2×10-4,-1.8×10-4) |
|
Table 4. Relative error analysis