The Tianhuang stones, from Shoushan in China, were studied by using X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), infrared (IR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy to obtain the spectra characterization. Wave numbers 3 621, 3 629 and 3 631 cm-1 in the IR spectra and 3 626, 3 627 and 3 632 cm-1 in the Raman spectra are the characteristic peaks of dickitic Tianhuang, nacritic Tianhuang and illitic Tianhuang, respectively. Raman spectra assigned to OH are in good agreement with the IR results at 3 550~3 750 cm-1. Dickitic Tianhuang includes ordered dickite and disordered dickite. Compared with ordered dickite, the band assigned to OH3 of disordered dickite shifts to low-frequency by 8 cm-1 and the relative intensity becomes stronger. The disorder structure may relate to the high level of Fe. The IR absorption spectra of nacritic Tianhuang superimposes strong peaks of dickite, indicating that IR absorption bands of dickite are stronger than that of nacrite at 3 550~3 750 cm-1. The main mineral composition of illitic Tianhuang is 2M1, while illite Tianhuang contains a small amount of 1M. All these characters provide a theoretical basis for the scientific identification of Tianhuang.