Author Affiliations
1Henan Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Energy Storage Materials and Applications, School of Physics Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 47023, China2First High School of Luoyang City, Luoyang 471001, China3Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China4School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Primitive cell of (a) Pbam-32, (b) P6/mmm, and (c) I4¯3d. They are composed of tetrahedra network, which is the characteristic of sp3 hybridization. The numbers of panels (a) and (b) refer to fivefold, sixfold, sevenfold, and eightfold topological carbon rings.
Fig. 2. Calculated Raman spectra of powder sample at 300 K with 532-nm excitation light. There are obvious peaks in the middle frequency region from 600 cm−1 to 1150 cm−1 except for diamond.
Fig. 3. Vibrational modes of principle peaks of Pbam-32.
Fig. 4. Vibrational modes of principle peaks of P6/mmm.
Fig. 5. Vibrational modes of principle peaks for I4¯3d. We only give carbon wireframe here for clarity.
Fig. 6. Calculated electronic band structures of (a) Pbam-32, (b) P6/mmm, and (c) I4¯3d. The energy of the highest occupied state is set to be zero.
Structure | a/Å | b/Å | c/Å | Atomic positions | Energy/(eV/atom) |
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Pbam-32 | 8.193 8.303* | 8.145 8.865* | 2.484 2.511* | 4h (0.088 0.499 1/2) | 0.10 | 4h (0.837 0.341 1/2) | 4h (0.575 0.555 1/2) | 4h (0.480 0.276 1/2) | 4g (0.729 0.351 0) | 4g (0.850 0.580 0) | 4g (0.174 0.979 0) | 4g (0.586 0.245 0) | P6/mmm | 9.738 9.855* | 9.738 9.855* | 2.471 2.497* | 6l (0.093 0.185 0) | 0.13 | 6m (0.145 0.290 1/2) | 12p (0.828 0.336 0) | 12q (0.090 0.410 1/2) | | 10.126 10.289* | 10.126 10.289* | 10.126 10.289* | 12b (0 3/4 5/8) | 0.14 | 16c (0.757 0.743 0.257) | 16c (0.852 0.648 0.352) | 48e (0.893 0.555 0.584) | 48e (0.450 0.381 0.705) | 48e (0.254 0.417 0.426) |
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Table 1. Calculated crystal parameters of Pbam-32, P6/mmm, and . Integer fractions represent atomic positions fixed by symmetry. Their energy values relative to diamond are listed in the last column. Data with * is cited from Ref. [7].
Structure | Point group | Raman active | Infrared active | Both Raman- and infrared-active | Silent |
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Pbam-32 | D2h | 16Ag+16B1g+8B2g+8B3g | 7B1u+15B2u+15B3u | | 8Au | P6/mmm | D6h | 6A1g+6E1g+12E2g | 3A2u+11E1u | | 2A1u+6A2g+4B1g+6B1u+2B2g+6B2u+6E2u | | Td | 11A1+23E | | 35T2 | 12A2+35T1 |
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Table 2. Γ -point optical vibrational modes of Pbam-32, P6/mmm, and .
Pbam-32 | 1234 | B1g | 235.4 | 1329 | E2g | 0.34 | 1040 | A1 | 170 | Freq | Sym | R.A. | 1244 | B2g | 15.4 | 1357 | A1g | 34.9 | 1053 | T2 | 64.2 | 418 | B3g | 4×10−4 | 1283 | B3g | 4.4 | | 1077 | T2 | 164 | 441 | Ag | 2.5 | 1290 | Ag | 288.7 | Freq | Sym | R.A. | 1080 | E | 0.46 | 451 | B2g | 0.15 | 1303 | B1g | 82.2 | 445 | A1 | 2.0 | 1085 | T2 | 26.2 | 465 | B1g | 0.017 | 1305 | Ag | 158.5 | 473 | T2 | 2.9×10−2 | 1095 | A1 | 22.6 | 469 | Ag | 7.5 | 1309 | B3g | 329.7 | 484 | T2 | 9.0×10−3 | 1117 | T2 | 8.0 | 489 | B3g | 0.12 | 1310 | B2g | 56.4 | 516 | E | 4.2×10−3 | 1126 | E | 0.78 | 505 | B2g | 2.6×10−3 | 1312 | B1g | 15.4 | 527 | T2 | 0.55 | 1131 | T2 | 70.3 | 594 | Ag | 3.4 | 1336 | Ag | 60.2 | 535 | E | 0.13 | 1110 | T2 | 6.8 | 671 | B3g | 2.6×10−3 | 1361 | B1g | 82.9 | 569 | E | 0.58 | 1144 | E | 0.83 | 672 | B2g | 0.11 | 1462 | Ag | 107.6 | 616 | T2 | 2.7 | 1156 | A1 | 186 | 675 | B1g | 1.3×10−2 | 1464 | B1g | 11.2 | 631 | T2 | 2.8×10−2 | 1163 | E | 0.51 | 688 | B1g | 1.8×10−2 | P6/mmm | 657 | T2 | 2.9 | 1168 | T2 | 240 | 709 | B2g | 0.15 | Freq | Sym | R.A. | 692 | E | 1.4×10−3 | 1176 | T2 | 2.1×10−2 | 710 | B1g | 2.5 | 360 | E1g | 8.2×10−2 | 702 | A1 | 1.9 | 1196 | E | 19.5 | 747 | B3g | 2.2×10−2 | 408 | E2g | 0.14 | 710 | T2 | 0.55 | 1201 | A1 | 386 | 788 | Ag | 10.0 | 581 | E1g | 1.1 | 723 | T2 | 5.1 | 1216 | T2 | 53.1 | 795 | B1g | 3.8 | 584 | E2g | 4.8×10−2 | 734 | E | 1.3×10−3 | 1223 | E | 5.8 | 847 | Ag | 30.8 | 617 | E1g | 3×10−4 | 759 | T2 | 15.7 | 1225 | T2 | 72.7 | 903 | B1g | 1.7 | 631 | A1g | 6.0 | 773 | A1 | 1.1 | 1239 | E | 10.7 | 989 | B1g | 0.26 | 652 | E2g | 15.2 | 780 | E | 5.4 | 1251 | T2 | 191 | 1001 | Ag | 178.3 | 744 | E2g | 9.0×10−2 | 788 | T2 | 8.3×10−2 | 1257 | E | 98.4 | 1059 | Ag | 15.9 | 865 | A1g | 93.7 | 819 | T2 | 3.6 | 1269 | T2 | 10. 3 | 1093 | Ag | 11.3 | 926 | E2g | 3.4 | 827 | T2 | 13.2 | 1276 | T2 | 3.0 | 1107 | B3g | 29.9 | 1029 | A1g | 134 | 865 | T2 | 29.1 | 1277 | A1 | 39.7 | 1113 | B1g | 81.1 | 1059 | E2g | 11.9 | 874 | A1 | 18.6 | 1277 | E | 13.4 | 1130 | B1g | 7.0 | 1141 | E1g | 7.4 | 880 | E | 0.86 | 1289 | T2 | 171 | 1143 | Ag | 73.2 | 1154 | E2g | 37.2 | 910 | T2 | 5.3 | 1293 | E | 86.4 | 1154 | B2g | 0.44 | 1200 | A1g | 32.1 | 923 | E | 0.95 | 1304 | T2 | 20.9 | 1173 | Ag | 51.0 | 1205 | E2g | 0.34 | 932 | E | 3. 9 | 1319 | A1 | 11.8 | 1176 | B1g | 79.1 | 1222 | E1g | 96.7 | 953 | E | 1.9×10−2 | 1320 | E | 2.9 | 1186 | B2g | 2.7 | 1228 | E1g | 6.7 | 979 | T2 | 42.6 | 1321 | T2 | 18.2 | 1190 | B3g | 100.5 | 1236 | E2g | 0.14 | 995 | A1 | 269 | 1328 | T2 | 199 | 1202 | Ag | 16.9 | 1280 | A1g | 422 | 998 | E | 23.6 | 1334 | T2 | 4.0×10−3 | 1207 | B1g | 3.7 | 1295 | E2g | 65.3 | 999 | T2 | 90.5 | 1345 | E | 0.46 | 1226 | Ag | 257.7 | 1314 | E2g | 116 | 1038 | T2 | 286 | | | |
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Table 3. Calculated values of frequency (Freq, in unit cm−1) and Raman activity (R.A., in units Å4/amu) of Raman-active mode.
Pbam-32 | 1166 | B2u | 21 | 1047 | E1u | 0.04 | 865 | T2 | 1.2 | Freq | Sym | I.I. | 1189 | B2u | 22 | 1079 | A2u | 0.18 | 910 | T2 | 14 | 374 | B3u | 0.20 | 1194 | B3u | 8.5 | 1084 | E1u | 4.1 | 979 | T2 | 0.23 | 403 | B2u | 2.6 | 1210 | B2u | 0.07 | 1125 | E1u | 77 | 999 | T2 | 4.0 | 544 | B2u | 0.01 | 1214 | B1u | 23 | 1185 | A2u | 17 | 1038 | T2 | 24 | 559 | B1u | 4.2 | 1215 | B2u | 1.8 | 1259 | E1u | 8.7 | 1053 | T2 | 2.0 | 575 | B1u | 2.1 | 1227 | B3u | 16 | 1284 | E1u | 5.8 | 1077 | T2 | 27 | 586 | B3u | 0.35 | 1235 | B1u | 3.5 | 1311 | E1u | 5.6 | 1085 | T2 | 23 | 613 | B2u | 0.71 | 1257 | B3u | 4.8 | 1330 | E1u | 0.19 | 1117 | T2 | 70 | 657 | B3u | 1.8 | 1260 | B1u | 2.8 | | 1131 | T2 | 0.04 | 690 | B1u | 2.1 | 1271 | B2u | 14 | Freq | Sym | I.I. | 1140 | T2 | 0.69 | 708 | B2u | 4.3 | 1278 | B3u | 0.25 | 473 | T2 | 0.50 | 1168 | T2 | 1.7 | 802 | B3u | 0.09 | 1307 | B3u | 1.1 | 484 | T2 | 0.01 | 1176 | T2 | 5.4 | 823 | B3u | 0.11 | 1322 | B2u | 12 | 528 | T2 | 2.0 | 1216 | T2 | 0.54 | 874 | B2u | 4.8 | 1342 | B2u | 14 | 616 | T2 | 0.17 | 1225 | T2 | 2.3 | 910 | B2u | 1.1 | 1352 | B3u | 82 | 631 | T2 | 0.42 | 1251 | T2 | 3.3 | 917 | B3u | 38 | P6/mmm | 657 | T2 | 5.4 | 1269 | T2 | 2.7 | 934 | B3u | 0.17 | Freq | Sym | I.I. | 710 | T2 | 0.81 | 1276 | T2 | 13 | 1008 | B2u | 7.4 | 472 | E1u | 1.2 | 723 | T2 | 1.0 | 1289 | T2 | 1.5 | 1074 | B3u | 1.9 | 496 | A2u | 2.9 | 759 | T2 | 2.5 | 1304 | T2 | 9.9 | 1081 | B1u | 0.70 | 692 | E1u | 0.10 | 788 | T2 | 0.01 | 1321 | T2 | 2.1 | 1098 | B2u | 10 | 788 | E1u | 1.6 | 819 | T2 | 0.73 | 1328 | T2 | 0.50 | 1117 | B3u | 9.4 | 966 | E1u | 3.2 | 827 | T2 | 0.02 | 1334 | T2 | 46 |
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Table 4. Calculated frequency and infrared intensity (I.I., in units (D/Å)2/amu×10−2) of infrared-active mode.