The pigments on the mural paintings from a Ming Dynasty tomb excavated in Jiyuan City are analyzed by micro-Raman spectroscopy. All the pigments are identified compared with the Raman spectra of standard pigments. The red pigments are identified as cinnabar and haematite, the green pigment as malachite, the black pigment as carbon black and the yellow pigment as yellow ochre. Moreover, the white or grey-white crystal deposits on the mural paintings are also identified by Raman analysis as calcium carbonate in the form of calcite. It is deduced that these crystal deposits originated from the calcium carbonate in the limestone base layer. Driven by the underground water, they penetrated through the pigment layer and re-crystallized on the surface of the mural paintings. The results show that micro-Raman spectroscopy is an effective analytical method for the identification of the pigments and other materials on ancient mural paintings.