Fiber structures and material science in optical fiber magnetic field sensors

Jing Zhang; Chen Wang; Yunkang Chen; Yudiao Xiang; Tianye Huang; Perry Ping Shum; Zhichao Wu

doi:10.1007/s12200-022-00037-0

[1] Ripka, P., Janosek, M.: Advances in magnetic field sensors. IEEE Sens. J. 10(6), 1108–1116 (2010)

[2] Tumanski, S.: Modern magnetic field sensors—a review. Organ. 10(1), 1–12 (2013)

[3] Murzin, D., Mapps, D.J., Levada, K., Belyaev, V., Omelyanchik, A., Panina, L., Rodionova, V.: Ultrasensitive magnetic field sensors for biomedical applications. Sensors 20(6), 1569 (2020)

[4] Melzer, M., Monch, J.I., Makarov, D., Zabila, Y., Bermúdez, G.S.C., Karnaushenko, D., Baunack, S., Bahr, F., Yan, C., Kaltenbrunner, M., Schmidt, O.G.: Wearable magnetic field sensors for flexible electronics. Adv. Mater. 27(7), 1274–1280 (2015)

[5] Lenz, J., Edelstein, A.S.: Magnetic sensors and their applications. IEEE Sens. J. 6(3), 631–649 (2006)

[6] Liu, C., Shen, T., Wu, H.B., Feng, Y., Chen, J.J.: Applications of magneto-strictive, magneto-optical, magnetic fluid materials in optical fiber current sensors and optical fiber magnetic field sensors: a review. Opt. Fiber Technol. 65, 102634 (2021)

[7] Alberto, N., Domingues, M.F., Marques, C., André, P., Antunes, P.: Optical fiber magnetic field sensors based on magnetic fluid: a review. Sensors 18(12), 4325 (2018)

[8] Castrellon-Uribe J. Optical fiber sensors: an overview. IntechOpen. (2012)

[9] Othonos, A.: Fiber Bragg gratings. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68(12), 4309–4341 (1997)

[10] Bartelt, H.: Fiber Bragg grating sensors and sensor arrays. Adv. Sci. Technol. 55, 138–144 (2008)

[11] Liu, H., Or, S.W., Tam, H.Y.: Magnetostrictive composite–fiber Bragg grating (MC–FBG) magnetic field sensor. Sens. Actuators A 173(1), 122–126 (2012)

[12] Wu, B. J., Yang, Y., Qiu, K.: Magneto-optic fiber Bragg gratings with application to high-resolution magnetic field sensors. In: 2008 1st Asia-Pacific Optical Fiber Sensors Conference. Chengdu: IEEE: 1–3 (2008)

[13] Yang, M., Dai, J., Zhou, C., Jiang, D.: Optical fiber magnetic field sensors with TbDyFe magnetostrictive thin films as sensing materials. Opt. Express 17(23), 20777–20782 (2009)

[14] Dai, Y., Yang, M., Xu, G., Yuan, Y.: Magnetic field sensor based on fiber Bragg grating with a spiral microgroove ablated by femtosecond laser. Opt. Express 21(14), 17386–17391 (2013)

[15] Bao, L., Dong, X., Zhang, S., Shen, C., Shum, P.P.: Magnetic field sensor based on magnetic fluid-infiltrated phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating. IEEE Sens. J. 18(10), 4008–4012 (2018)

[16] Estudillo-Ayala, J. M., Mata-Chávez, R. I., Hernández-García, J. C., Rojas-Laguna, R.: Long period fiber grating produced by arc discharges. Fiber Opt. Sens. IntechOpen (2012)

[17] Gao, L., Zhu, T., Deng, M., Chiang, K.S., Sun, X., Dong, X., Hou, Y.: Long-period fiber grating within D-shaped fiber using magnetic fluid for magnetic-field detection. IEEE Photonics J. 4(6), 2095–2104 (2012)

[18] Chiang, C.C., Chen, Z.J.: A novel optical fiber magnetic sensor based on electroforming long-period fiber grating. J. Lightwave Technol. 32(19), 3331–3336 (2014)

[19] Zhao, Y., Liu, S., Xiong, C., Wang, Y., Li, Z., Sun, Z., Li, J., Wang, Y.: Magnetic field sensor based on helical long-period fiber grating with a three-core optical fiber. Opt. Express 29(13), 20649–20656 (2021)

[20] Albert, J., Shao, L.Y., Caucheteur, C.: Tilted fiber Bragg grating sensors. Laser Photonics Rev. 7(1), 83–108 (2013)

[21] Erdogan, T., Sipe, J.E.: Tilted fiber phase gratings. JOSA A 13(2), 296–313 (1996)

[22] Yang, D., Du, L., Xu, Z., Jiang, Y., Xu, J., Wang, M., Bai, Y., Wang, H.: Magnetic field sensing based on tilted fiber Bragg grating coated with nanoparticle magnetic fluid. Appl. Phys. Lett. 104(6), 061903 (2014)

[23] Childs, P., Candiani, A., Pissadakis, S.: Optical fiber cladding ring magnetic field sensor. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 23(13), 929–931 (2011)

[24] Zheng, J., Dong, X., Zu, P., Ji, J., Su, H., Shum, P.P.: Intensitymodulated magnetic field sensor based on magnetic fluid and optical fiber gratings. Appl. Phys. Lett. 103(18), 183511 (2013)

[25] Nguyen, L.V., Hwang, D., Moon, S., Moon, D.S., Chung, Y.: High temperature fiber sensor with high sensitivity based on core diameter mismatch. Opt. Express 16(15), 11369–11375 (2018)

[26] Tofighi, S., Bahrampour, A., Pishbin, N., Bahrampour, A.: Interferometric fiber-optic sensors, 1st edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2015)

[27] Li, Z., Liao, C., Song, J., Wang, Y., Zhu, F., Wang, Y., Dong, X.: Ultrasensitive magnetic field sensor based on an in-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a magnetic fluid component. Photonics Res. 4(5), 197–201 (2016)

[28] de Souza, F.C.D.N., Maia, L.S.P., de Medeiros, G.M., Miranda, M.A.R., Sasaki, J.M., Guimaraes, G.F.: Optical current and magnetic field sensor using Mach-Zehnder interferometer with nanoparticles. IEEE Sens. J. 18(19), 7998–8004 (2018)

[29] Zhang, N., Wang, M., Wu, B., Han, M., Yin, B., Cao, J., Wang, C.: Temperature-insensitive magnetic field sensor based on an optoelectronic oscillator merging a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. IEEE Sens. J. 20(13), 7053–7059 (2020)

[30] Zeng, L., Sun, X., Zhang, L., Hu, Y., Duan, J.: High sensitivity magnetic field sensor based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and magnetic fluid. Optik 249, 168234 (2022)

[31] Rao, C.N., Gui, X., Pawar, D., Huang, Q.G., Beera, C.S., Cao, P.J., Wen, J.L., Zhu, D.L., Lu, Y.Y.: Magneto-optical fiber sensor based on Fabry-Perot interferometer with perovskite magnetic material. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 499, 166298 (2020)

[32] Yin, S., Ruffin, P.B., Francis, T.S.: Fiber optic sensors, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2008)

[33] Lv, R.Q., Zhao, Y., Wang, D., Wang, Q.: Magnetic fluid-filled optical fiber Fabry-Pérot sensor for magnetic field measurement. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 26(3), 217–219 (2013)

[34] Xia, J., Wang, F., Luo, H., Wang, Q., Xiong, S.: A magnetic field sensor based on a magnetic fluid-filled FP-FBG structure. Sensors. 16(5), 620 (2016)

[35] Zhang, D., Wei, H., Hu, H., Krishnaswamy, S.: Highly sensitive magnetic field microsensor based on direct laser writing of fiber-tip optofluidic Fabry-Pérot cavity. APL Photonics. 5(7), 076112 (2020)

[36] Zheng, Y., Chen, L.H., Yang, J., Raghunandhan, R., Dong, X., So, P.L., Chan, C.C.: Fiber optic Fabry-Perot optofluidic sensor with a focused ion beam ablated microslot for fast refractive index and magnetic field measurement. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 23(2), 322–326 (2017)

[37] Wang, X., Zhao, Y., Lv, R., Zheng, H., Cai, L.: Magnetic field measurement method based on the magneto-volume effect of hollow core fiber filled with magnetic fluid. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 70, 1–8 (2021)

[38] Culshaw, B.: The optical fiber Sagnac interferometer: an overview of its principles and applications. Meas. Sci. Technol. 17(1), R1 (2005)

[39] Zu, P., Chan, C.C., Lew, W.S., Jin, Y., Zhang, Y., Liew, H.F., Chen, L.H., Wong, W.C., Dong, X.: Magneto-optical fiber sensor based on magnetic fluid. Opt. Lett. 37(3), 398–400 (2012)

[40] Zu, P., Chan, C.C., Koh, G.W., Lew, W.S., Jin, Y., Liew, H.F., Wong, W.C., Dong, X.: Enhancement of the sensitivity of magnetooptical fiber sensor by magnifying the birefringence of magnetic fluid film with Loyt-Sagnac interferometer. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 191, 19–23 (2014)

[41] Zhao, Y., Wu, D., Lv, R.Q., Li, J.: Magnetic field measurement based on the Sagnac interferometer with a ferrofluid-filled highbirefringence photonic crystal fiber. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 65(6), 1503–1507 (2016)

[42] Kashyap, R., Nayar, B.K.: An all single-mode fiber Michelson interferometer sensor. J. Lightwave Technol. 1(4), 619–624 (1983)

[43] Deng, M., Sun, X., Han, M., Li, D.: Compact magnetic-field sensor based on optical microfiber Michelson interferometer and Fe3O4 nanofluid. Appl. Opt. 52(4), 734–741 (2013)

[44] Chen, F., Jiang, Y.: Fiber optic magnetic field sensor based on the TbDyFe rod. Meas. Sci. Technol. 25(8), 085106 (2014)

[45] Pu, S., Mao, L., Yao, T., Gu, J., Lahoubi, M., Zeng, X.: Microfiber coupling structures for magnetic field sensing with enhanced sensitivity. IEEE Sens. J. 17(18), 5857–5861 (2017)

[46] Feng, X., Jiang, Y., Zhang, H.: Fiber-optic Michelson magnetic field sensor based on a mechanical amplifier structure. Appl. Opt. 60(33), 10359–10364 (2021)

[47] Harun, S.W., Lim, K.S., Tio, C.K., Dimyati, K., Ahmad, H.: Theoretical analysis and fabrication of tapered fiber. Optik 124(6), 538–543 (2013)

[48] Zhao, Y., Wu, D., Lv, R.Q.: Magnetic field sensor based on photonic crystal fiber taper coated with ferrofluid. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(1), 26–29 (2014)

[49] Rodríguez-Schwendtner, E., Díaz-Herrera, N., Navarrete, M.C., Gonzalez-Cano, A., Esteban, O.: Plasmonic sensor based on tapered optical fibers and magnetic fluids for measuring magnetic fields. Sens. Actuators A 264, 58–62 (2017)

[50] Herrera-Piad, L.A., Haus, J.W., Jauregui-Vazquez, D., Sierra-Hernandez, J.M., Estudillo-Ayala, J.M., Lopez-Dieguez, Y., Rojas- Laguna, R.: Magnetic field sensing based on bi-tapered optical fibers using spectral phase analysis. Sensors 17(10), 2393 (2017)

[51] Zhang, J., Qiao, X., Wang, R., Chen, F., Bao, W.: Highly sensitivity fiber-optic vector magnetometer based on two-mode fiber and magnetic fluid. IEEE Sens. J. 19(7), 2576–2580 (2018)

[52] Zhang, Y., Ning, Y., Zhang, M., Guo, H., Zhang, Y., Liu, Z., Ji, X., Zhang, J., Yang, X., Yuan, L.: Spider silk-based fiber magnetic field sensor. J. Lightwave Technol. 39(20), 6631–6636 (2021)

[53] Tam, J. M., Szunerits, S., Walt, D. R.: Optical fibers for nanodevices. Encyclopedia of nanoscience and nanotechnology. America: American Scientific Publishers. 8(177): 167–177 (2004)

[54] Dai, J., Yang, M., Li, X., Liu, H., Tong, X.: Magnetic field sensor based on magnetic fluid clad etched fiber Bragg grating. Opt. Fiber Technol. 17(3), 210–213 (2011)

[55] Wang, H., Pu, S., Wang, N., Dong, S., Huang, J.: Magnetic field sensing based on single-mode-multimode-single-mode fiber structures using magnetic fluids as cladding. Opt. Lett. 38(19), 3765–3768 (2013)

[56] Wang, Q., Liu, X., Zhao, Y., Lv, R., Hu, H., Li, J.: Magnetic field sensing based on fiber loop ring-down spectroscopy and etched fiber interacting with magnetic fluid. Opt. Commun. 356, 628–633 (2015)

[57] Ying, Y., Xu, K., Sun, L.L., Zhang, R., Guo, X.F., Si, G.Y.: D-shaped fiber magnetic-field sensor based on fine-tuning magnetic fluid grating period. IEEE Trans. Electron Dev. 64(4), 1735–1741 (2017)

[58] Liu, H., Li, H., Wang, Q., Wang, M., Ding, Y., Zhu, C., Cheng, D.: Temperature-compensated magnetic field sensor based on surface plasmon resonance and directional resonance coupling in a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber. Optik 158, 1402–1409 (2018)

[59] Gupta, B.D., Dodeja, H., Tomar, A.K.: Fibre-optic evanescent field absorption sensor based on a U-shaped probe. Opt. Quant. Electron. 28(11), 1629–1639 (1996)

[60] Zhang, R., Liu, T., Han, Q., Chen, Y., Li, L.: U-bent single-modemultimode-single-mode fiber optic magnetic field sensor based on magnetic fluid. Appl. Phys. Express 7(7), 072501 (2014)

[61] Zhu, L., Lin, Q., Yao, K., Zhao, N., Yang, P., Jiang, Z.: Fiber vector magnetometer based on balloon-like fiber structure and magnetic fluid. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 70, 1–9 (2021)

[62] Grant, I.S., Phillips, W.R.: Electromagnetism, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York (2013)

[63] Zheng, H., Shao, H.P., Lin, T., Zhao, Z.F., Guo, Z.M.: Preparation and characterization of silicone-oil-based γ-Fe2O3 magnetic fluid. Rare Met. 37(9), 803–807 (2018)

[64] Chen, B., Fan, Y.G., Zhou, S.P.: Study on preparation of oil-based Fe3O4 nano magnetic fluid. Adv. Mater. Res. 148, 808–811 (2011)

[65] Huang, W., Wu, J., Guo, W., Li, R., Cui, L.: Study on the magnetic stability of iron-nitride magnetic fluid. J. Alloy. Compd. 443(1–2), 195–198 (2007)

[66] Martinez, L., Cecelja, F., Rakowski, R.: A novel magneto-optic ferrofluid material for sensor applications. Sens. Actuators A 123, 438–443 (2005)

[67] Yang, S.Y., Chieh, J.J., Horng, H.E., Hong, C.Y., Yang, H.C.: Origin and applications of magnetically tunable refractive index of magnetic fluid films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(25), 5204–5206 (2004)

[68] Zhou, X., Li, X., Li, S., An, G.W., Cheng, T.: Magnetic field sensing based on SPR optical fiber sensor interacting with magnetic fluid. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 68(1), 234–239 (2018)

[69] Cennamo, N., Arcadio, F., Marletta, V., Baglio, S., Zeni, L., Andò, B.: A magnetic field sensor based on spr-pof platforms and ferrofluids. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 70, 1–10 (2020)

[70] Ou, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., Zhu, Y., Xiao, W., Xiao, M., Cheng, C.: Multipoint magnetic field measurement based on magnetic fluid and FSI-FLRD. IEEE Sens. J. 21(16), 18249–18255 (2021)

[71] Mochizuki, M., Furukawa, N., Nagaosa, N.: Erratum: Spin Model of Magnetostrictions in Multiferroic Mn Perovskites [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 037205 (2010)]. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106(11), 119901 (2011)

[72] Del Moral, A., Algarabel, P.A., Arnaudas, J.I., Benito, L., Ciria, M., De la Fuente, C., Garcia-Landa, B., Ibarra, M.R., Marquina, C., Morellón, L., De Teresa, J.M.: Magnetostriction effects. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 242, 788–796 (2002)

[73] Tiercelin, N., Preobrazhensky, V., Pernod, P., Ostaschenko, A.: Enhanced magnetoelectric effect in nanostructured magnetostrictive thin film resonant actuator with field induced spin reorientation transition. Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(6), 062904 (2008)

[74] Shi, C., Chen, J., Wu, G., Li, X., Zhou, J., Ou, F.: Stable dynamic detection scheme for magnetostrictive fiber-optic interferometric sensors. Opt. Express 14(12), 5098–5102 (2006)

[75] Chen, F., Jiang, Y., Gao, H., Jiang, L.: A high-finesse fiber optic Fabry–Perot interferometer based magnetic-field sensor. Opt. Lasers Eng. 71, 62–65 (2015)

[76] Filograno, M.L., Pisco, M., Catalano, A., Forte, E., Aiello, M., Soricelli, A., Davino, D., Visone, C., Cutolo, A., Cusano, A.: Triaxial fiber optic magnetic field sensor for MRI applications. Eur. Workshop Opt. Fiber Sens. 9916, 106–109 (2016)

[77] De Angulo, L.R., Abell, J.S., Harris, I.R.: Magnetostrictive properties of polymer bonded Terfenol-D. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 157, 508–509 (1996)

[78] Imaizumi, D., Hayakawa, T., Nogami, M.: Faraday rotation effects of Mn2+- modified Tb2O3-B2O3 glass in pulsed magnetic field. J. Lightwave Technol. 20(4), 740 (2002)

[79] Sun, L., Jiang, S., Zuegel, J.D., Marciante, J.R.: Effective Verdet constant in a terbium-doped-core phosphate fiber. Opt. Lett. 34(11), 1699–1701 (2009)

[80] Huang, M., Xu, Z.C.: Wavelength and temperature characteristics of BiYbIG film/YIG crystal composite structure for magneto-optical applications. Appl. Phys. A 81(1), 193–196 (2005)

[81] Chen, Z., Wang, X., Wang, J., Hang, Y.: Highly transparent terbium gallium garnet crystal fabricated by the floating zone method for visible–infrared optical isolators. Opt. Mater. 46, 12–15 (2015)

[82] Snetkov, I.L., Yasuhara, R., Starobor, A.V., Mironov, E.A., Palashov, O.V.: Thermo-optical and magneto-optical characteristics of terbium scandium aluminum garnet crystals. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 51(7), 1–7 (2015)

[83] Jiang, J., Wu, Z., Sheng, J., Zhang, J., Song, M., Ryu, K., Li, Z., Hong, Z., Jin, Z.: A new approach to measure magnetic field of high-temperature superconducting coil based on magneto-optical Faraday Effect. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 31(1), 1–5 (2020)

[84] Babaev, O. G. O., Matyunin, S. A., Virchenko, M. K.: Modeling of the magneto-optical channel of a fiber-optic displacement sensor. In: 2018 International Multi-Conference on Industrial Engineering and Modern Technologies (FarEastCon). Vladivostok: IEEE, 1–6 (2018)

[85] Ni, X. J., Huang, M.: Faraday effect optical current/magnetic field sensors based on cerium-substituted yttrium iron garnet single crystal. In: 2010 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference. Chengdu: IEEE: 1–4 (2010)

[86] Shreeve, B., Selfridge, R., Schultz, S., Gaeta, C., Forber, R.: Magnetic field sensing using D-fiber coupled Bi: RIG slab.21st International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors. International Society for Optics and Photonics. 7753: 77534S (2011)

[87] DaSilva, A.A.D., Alves, H.P., Marcolino, F.C., DoNascimento, J.F., Martins-Filho, J.F.: Computational modeling of optical fiber-based magnetic field sensors using the Faraday and Kerr magnetooptic effects. IEEE Trans. Magn. 56(9), 1–9 (2020)

[88] Zubia, J., Casado, L., Aldabaldetreku, G., Montero, A., Zubia, E., Durana, G.: Design and development of a low-cost optical current sensor. Sensors. 13(10), 13584–13595 (2013)

[89] Jia, Q., Han, Q., Liang, Z., Cheng, Z., Hu, H., Wang, S., Ren, K., Jiang, J., Liu, T.: Temperature compensation of optical fiber current sensors with a static bias. IEEE Sens. J. 22(1), 352–356 (2021)

[90] Katsukawa, H., Ishikawa, H., Okajima, H., Cease, T.W.: Development of an optical current transducer with a bulk type Faraday sensor for metering. IEEE Trans. Power Delivery 11(2), 702–707 (1996)

[91] Malewski, R.: High-voltage current transformers with optical signal transmission. Opt. Eng. 20(1), 200154 (1981)

[92] Papp, A., Harms, H.: Magnetooptical current transformer. 1: principles. Appl. Opt. 19(22), 3729–3734 (1980)

[93] Han, J., Hu, H., Wang, H., Zhang, B., Song, X., Ding, Z., Zhang, X., Liu, T.: Temperature-compensated magnetostrictive current sensor based on the configuration of dual fiber Bragg gratings. J. Lightwave Technol. 35(22), 4910–4915 (2017)

[94] Qi, Y., Wang, M., Jiang, F., Zhang, X., Cong, B., Liu, Y.: Novel fiber optic current transformer with new phase modulation method. Photonic Sens. 10(3), 275–282 (2020)

[95] Gao, H., Wang, G., Gao, W., Li, S.: A chiral photonic crystal fiber sensing coil for decreasing the polarization error in a fiber optic current sensor. Opt. Commun. 469, 125755 (2020)

[96] Bucholtz, F., Villarruel, C.A., Davis, A.R., Kirkendall, C.K., Dagenais, D.M., McVicker, J.A., Knudsen, T.: Multichannel fiber-optic magnetometer system for undersea measurements. J. Lightwave Technol. 13(7), 1385–1395 (1995)

[97] Coghill, P., Bassett, I., Barrow, R., Rohatgi, S., Vance, R.: Field trial of an electrically passive optical-fiber magnetometer. Appl. Opt. 34(31), 7258–7262 (1995)

[98] Zhang, X.L., Zhou, X.J., Hu, Y.M., Ni, M., Yu, Y.M.: All polarization-maintaining fiber earth magnetic field sensor. Zhongguo Jiguang Chin. J. Laser. 32(11), 1515–1518 (2005)

[99] Zhao, Q., Zhou, K., Wu, Z., Yang, C., Feng, Z., Cheng, H., Xu, S.: Near quantum-noise limited and absolute frequency stabilized 1083 nm single-frequency fiber laser. Opt. Lett. 43(1), 42–45 (2018)

[100] Li, J., Deng, Y., Wang, X., Lu, H., Liu, Y.: Miniature wide-range three-axis vector atomic magnetometer. IEEE Sens. J. 21(21), 23943–23948 (2021)

[101] Barrias, A., Casas, J.R., Villalba, S.: A review of distributed optical fiber sensors for civil engineering applications. Sensors. 16(5), 748(2016)

[102] Zhao, Z., Tang, M., Lu, C.: Distributed multicore fiber sensors. Opto-Electron. Adv. 3(2), 02190024 (2020)

[103] Li, M., Zhou, J., Xiang, Z., Lv, F.: Giant magnetostrictive magnetic fields sensor based on dual fiber Bragg gratings. In: 2005 IEEE Networking. Tucson: IEEE: 490–495 (2005)

[104] Palmieri, L., Galtarossa, A.: Distributed polarization-sensitive reflectometry in nonreciprocal single-mode optical fibers. J. Lightwave Technol. 29(21), 3178–3184 (2011)

[105] Palmieri, L.: Distributed polarimetric measurements for optical fiber sensing. Opt. Fiber Technol. 19(6), 720–728 (2013)

[106] Masoudi, A., Newson, T.P.: Distributed optical fiber dynamic magnetic field sensor based on magnetostriction. Appl. Opt. 53(13), 2833–2838 (2014)

[107] Ou, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., Cheng, C., Zhu, Y., Xiao, W., Lv, H.: A quasi-distributed fiber magnetic field sensor based on frequencyshifted interferometry fiber cavity ringdown technique. Opt. Laser Technol. 146, 107607 (2022)