This article discusses the current research status of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in the treatment of soft tissue radiation injury in the skin. ADSCs and PRF have unique advantages over conventional treatment modalities for improving cutaneous radiation injury. Radiation causes oxidative damage to skin and skin cells subsequently undergo apoptosis, which causes histopathological changes such as erythema edema and wet desquamation. The anti-apoptotic, paracrine growth factor and anti-scarring functions of ADSCs can concomitantly target the mechanism underlying skin radiation injury, reduce inflammation of radiation-injured wounds, increase microvascular density, and promote re-epithelialization of wounds, thereby effectively improving skin radiation injury. The high concentration of growth factors released from PRF can significantly increase the healing rate of wounds, and the biological properties of PRF can further optimize the activity of ADSCs in repairing skin damage. Future experimental research and clinical treatment directions may involve combining the current research status of ADSCs with PRF in the treatment of cutaneous radiation injury.