Author Affiliations
1Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics & Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China2Greater Bay Area Institute for Innovation, Hunan University, Guangzhou 511300, Guangdong, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Planar functional liquid crystal devices. (a) Fresnel liquid crystal lens
[3]; (b) liquid crystal spiral phase plate
[4]; (c) tunable liquid crystal grating
[5]; (d) liquid crystal beam steering device
[6] Fig. 2. Schematics of liquid crystal molecule arrangement. (a) Smectic liquid crystal
[26]; (b) nematic liquid crystals
[26]; (c) cholesteric liquid crystal
[26]; (d) blue phase liquid crystal
[24] Fig. 3. Molecular modulation mechanism of liquid crystal. (a) Structural diagram of liquid crystal molecular; (b) amplitude modulation properties of liquid crystals; (c) geometric phase modulation properties of liquid crystals
Fig. 4. Various optical orientation technology systems. (a) Mask exposure system
[40]; (b) interference exposure system
[39]; (c) direct write exposure system
[37]; (d) DMD dynamic mask exposure system
[38]; (e) plasmon mask exposure system
[41]; (f) SLM dynamic mask exposure system
[36] Fig. 5. Principle and applications of liquid crystal display. (a) Structural diagram of liquid crystal display; (b) applications of liquid crystal display
Fig. 6. Principle and applications of amplitude type spatial light modulator. (a) Holoeye LC2012 amplitude type spatial light modulator and its principle
[48]; (b) laser beam shaping realized by using space light modulator
[49]; (c) schematic of adjustable refraction instrument for measuring refractive index based on spatial light modulator
[50] Fig. 7. Smart windows based on liquid crystal. (a) Schematic of smart window based on liquid crystal/graphene composites
[60]; (b) schematic of stable and expandable smart window based on polymer material liquid crystal
[61] Fig. 8. Principle and applications of phase type spatial light modulator. (a) Holoeye PLUTO-2 phase type spatial light modulator and its principle; (b) scalable all-optical neural network based on spatial optical modulator
[64]; (c) encryption system based on phase type spatial light modulator
[65] Fig. 9. Dynamic encryption systems based on spatial light modulator. (a) Holographic encryption of orbital angular momentum based on space light modulator
[66]; (b) spatial nonlinear optical image encryption based on spatial light modulator
[67] Fig. 10. Geometric phase liquid crystal devices. (a) Dual-frequency liquid crystal polarization grating based on geometric phase
[68]; (b) polarization switching liquid crystal lens based on geometric phase
[69]; (c) liquid crystal bifocal lens based on geometric phase
[70]; (d) cholesteric liquid crystals under different phase distributions
[71]; (e) self-assembling spiral superstructure with optically controlled chiral inversion
[72] Fig. 11. Dynamic encryption systems based on liquid crystal. (a) Schematic of encryption system for transmission of tunable circularly polarized luminescent signals based on dye-doped chiral liquid crystals
[73]; (b) schematic of high security liquid crystal holographic encryption system inspired by Tiger Amulet
[74] Fig. 12. Multifunctional liquid crystal devices based on geometric phase. (a) Multifunctional liquid crystal device for simultaneous display of near-field and far-field images
[75]; (b) liquid crystal device with polarization, wavelength, and position multiplexing
[76] Fig. 13. Multifunctional liquid crystal device with surface display and far-field holographic display
[79]. (a) Complex amplitude modulation of liquid crystal molecules in orthogonal polarized light paths; (b) schematic of device design principle; (c) experimental test results
Fig. 14. Multifunctional liquid crystal device with multi-channel surface image display and far-field holographic display
[80]. (a) Relationship between normalized strength of liquid crystal molecules and orientation angle
θ before and after rotation; (b) four orientation angles of liquid crystal molecules and their corresponding binary intensity codes; (c) experimental test result
Fig. 15. Modulator components with integrated liquid crystal and metasurface. (a) Schematic of optical encryption system with integrated polymer dispersed liquid crystal and metasurface
[90]; (b) schematic of device with integrated nematic liquid crystal and metasurface
[91] Fig. 16. Liquid crystal-metasurface dynamic control devices. (a) Schematic of electrically tunable multifunctional polarimetric dependent metasurface with integrated liquid crystal
[92]; (b) schematic of electrically tunable liquid crystal loaded metasurface
[93] Fig. 17. Tunable liquid crystal micro laser devices. (a) Wide-band and dual outgoing liquid crystal laser
[97]; (b) blue phase liquid crystal laser with wide temperature domain
[98] Fig. 18. Nonlinear light field control based on liquid crystal. (a) Study on nonlinear properties of ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals
[112]; (b) nonlinear property system based on spiral ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals
[113] Fig. 19. Control of angular momentum of light field based on liquid crystal devices. (a) Three-dimensional array of orbital angular momentum beams based on geometric phase of liquid crystal
[114]; (b) four-dimensional optical tunable liquid crystal device
[115]