Urban residents’ marginal willingness to pay for environmental pollution control

Heping CAO; Jianming XI; Yuezhuo CHEN

doi:10.18402/resci.2020.05.01

Journals >Resources Science >Volume 42 >Issue 5 >Page 801 > Article

Resources Science
Vol. 42, Issue 5, 801 (2020)

Urban residents’ marginal willingness to pay for environmental pollution control

Heping CAO, Jianming XI^*, and Yuezhuo CHEN

Author Affiliations

School of Economics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

show less

DOI: 10.18402/resci.2020.05.01 Cite this Article

Heping CAO, Jianming XI, Yuezhuo CHEN. Urban residents’ marginal willingness to pay for environmental pollution control[J]. Resources Science, 2020, 42(5): 801 Copy Citation Text

show less

Fig. 1. Annual growth rate of complain letters and visits due to environmental problems in China, 1994-2015

Download full size | View in the Article

Fig. 2. Annual growth rate of per capita industrial waste water and air pollution emissions in China, 1994-2015

Download full size | View in the Article

变量	单位	平均值	标准差	中位数	最小值	最大值
visit	人次	3156	2617	2598	0	16373
letter	件	9652	14597	4381	1	115392
pol_water	万t/人	16.508	10.191	14.194	1.146	94.950
pol_gas	亿标m³/人	2.690	2.698	1.876	0.038	25.788
apf	1/10000	5.520	3.931	5.123	0.000	45.957
pol_fee	亿元	3.570	4.039	2.199	0.000	27.686
unemp	%	3.440	0.923	3.500	0.400	7.400
city_cons	农村=1	3.034	0.780	2.955	1.453	8.869
log_gdp	万元	2.064	2.057	1.250	0.123	10.796
fgdp	%	0.155	0.085	0.146	0.004	0.489
sgdp	%	0.444	0.084	0.459	0.148	0.594
log_edu	年	7.801	1.426	7.930	2.250	12.150

Table 1. Statistical characteristics of provincial panel data

模型被解释变量	固定效应	固定效应	随机效应	随机效应	引入人均GDP平方项
模型被解释变量	信访人次	来访信件	信访人次	来访信件	引入人均GDP平方项
pol_water	-0.004	0.002	-0.004	0.005*	-0.003
	(-1.620)	(0.740)	(-1.710)	(2.080)	(-1.460)
pol_gas	0.026**	-0.017	0.008	-0.053***	0.025*
	(-2.640)	(-1.340)	(0.780)	(-4.610)	(2.480)
apf	-0.014*	0.004	-0.022***	-0.008	-0.013*
	(-2.380)	(0.560)	(-3.650)	(-1.160)	(-2.130)
pol_fee	-0.015*	-0.017	0.005	0.011	-0.016*
	(-2.020)	(-1.840)	(0.700)	(1.310)	(-2.120)
unemp	0.068***	0.217***	0.066***	0.181***	0.070***
	(-3.520)	(8.890)	(3.350)	(7.650)	(3.580)
city_cons	-0.068*	0.195***	-0.092***	0.158***	-0.066*
	(-2.420)	(5.610)	(-3.310)	(4.810)	(-2.360)
log_gdp	-0.488***	-0.460**	-0.651***	-0.479***	-0.983
	(-3.660)	(-2.800)	(-5.190)	(-3.340)	(-1.330)
log_gdp_sqr					0.112
					(0.680)
fgdp	-2.039**	-3.492***	-0.740	-2.426***	-2.129
	(-3.080)	(-4.280)	(-1.230)	(-3.670)	(-3.150)
sgdp	-0.557	0.590	0.660	1.284**	-0.518
	(-1.360)	(1.150)	(1.750)	(3.000)	(-1.250)
log_edu	1.123*	3.598***	2.713***	4.556***	1.184*
	(-1.980)	(5.140)	(5.660)	(8.930)	(2.060)
_cons	4.923***	1.269	3.547***	0.274	5.872***
	(6.950)	(5.350)	(1.430)	(0.360)	(3.770)

Table 2. Panel regression results of complain letters and visits

模型	固定效应	固定效应
被解释变量	信访人次	来访信件
pol_water	-0.004	0.001
	(-1.790)	(0.280)
pol_gas	0.019*	0.006
	(2.010)	(0.660)
apf	-0.016**	-0.008
	(-2.820)	(-1.360)
pol_fee	-0.008(-1.140)	-0.010(-1.480)
unemp	0.073***(3.400)	0.071***(3.370)
log_cons	-0.664*(-2.120)	0.650*(2.130)
fgdp	-1.172(-1.670)	-0.041(-0.060)
sgdp	-0.134(-0.300)	1.544***(3.520)
log_edu	1.081(-0.300)	1.937***(3.520)
_cons	1.081(1.820)	1.937***(3.400)

Table 3. Regression results of complain letters and visits with bi-directional fixed effect model

对信访人次回归	系数	标准差	t统计量	P值	95%置信区间
对信访人次回归	系数	标准差	t统计量	P值	上限	下限
pol_water	-0.0029	0.0024	-1.19	0.233	-0.0077	0.0019
pol_gas	0.0013	0.0093	2.39	0.006	-0.0054	0.0312
apf	-0.0067	0.0056	-1.20	0.229	-0.0177	0.0043
pol_fee	-0.0238	0.0070	-3.40	0.001	-0.0376	0.0100
unemp	0.0534	0.0193	2.76	0.006	0.0155	0.0913
city_cons	-0.0487	0.0278	-1.75	0.080	-0.1033	0.0059
consume	-6.09e-06	0.0005	-2.33	0.009	-0.0008	0.0003
fgdp	-0.9591	0.5856	-1.64	0.102	-2.1089	0.1906
sgdp	-0.7279	0.4377	-1.66	0.097	-1.5873	0.1314
log_edu	0.2668	0.5139	0.52	0.604	-0.7422	1.2759
_cons	3.6384	0.6104	5.96	0.000	2.4398	4.8369

Table 4. Regression results with residents’ consumption level as explanatory variable

Heping CAO, Jianming XI, Yuezhuo CHEN. Urban residents’ marginal willingness to pay for environmental pollution control[J]. Resources Science, 2020, 42(5): 801

Download Citation

Tools

Save the article for my favorites

Paper Information