The compilation of 1:250000 vegetation type map in the north-south transitional zone and 1:50000 vegetation type maps in typical mountainous areas is one of the main tasks of integrated scientific investigation of the north-south transitional zone of China. In the past, vegetation type maps were compiled by a large number of ground field surveys. Although the field survey method is accurate, it is not only time-consuming, but also only covers a small area due to the limitations of physical environment conditions. Remote sensing data can make up for the limitation of field survey because of its full coverage. However, there are still some difficulties and bottlenecks in the extraction of remote sensing information of vegetation types, especially in the automatic extraction. As an example of the compilation of 1:50000 vegetation type map, this paper explores and studies the remote sensing extraction and mapping methods of vegetation type with medium and large scales based on mountain altitudinal belts of Taibai Mountain, using multi-temporal high resolution remote sensing data, ground survey data, previous vegetation type map and forest survey data. The results show that: (1) mountain altitudinal belts can effectively support remote sensing classification and mapping of 1:50000 vegetation type map in mountain areas. Terrain constraint factors with mountain altitudinal belt information can be generated by mountain altitudinal belts, 1:10000 Digital Surface Model (DSM) data of Taibai Mountain. In combination of the terrain constraint factors with multi-temporal and high-resolution remote sensing data, ground survey data and previous small-scale vegetation type map data, the vegetation types at all levels can be extracted effectively. (2) The basic remote sensing interpretation and mapping process for typical mountains is interpretation of vegetation type-group→interpretation of vegetation group & subgroup→interpretation and classification of vegetation type & subtype, which is a combination method of top-down method and bottom-up method, not the top-down or the bottom-up classification according to the level of mapping units. The results of this study provide a demonstration and scientific basis for the compilation of large and medium scale vegetation type maps.