As an important carrier of farming civilization, traditional villages are extremely important to maintaining their effective renewal of human settlement environment. Taking Zhangguying, a traditional Chinese village, as an example, this paper analyzed the genetic characteristics of dominant material culture landscape and recessive intangible culture in the village by gene analysis method, and then proposed an activation scheme of human settlement environment of traditional villages from the perspective of settlement“double repair”. The results showed that: (1) the dominant landscape gene features a hollow spatial layout trend, and the street system is seriously degraded; the residential building structure is disordered, and the function utilization subject is polarized; the connection of main building chain is fractured, and the civilization carrier connotation is still shallow. The foundation and venation of the mountains and terrain are stable, and the lines of water system are becoming single. (2) The characteristics of the recessive culture gene are family tradition and belief inherited from generation to generation and the totem signs echo each other at a distance continuously. The continuation road of folk culture is blocked, and the path of resistance to traditional etiquette is difficult. (3) The dominant gene repairing path is to create the gene database to perfect the basic system by restoring the original form, and retain the original function and reproduce the original style by minimally invasive repair. Then we reconnect the local chain and consolidate the architectural connotation by stealth mining, maintain a stable vein and adapt to a single line by “High & Low” intervention. (4) The path of recessive gene repairing is getting edification internally and externally, and creating an atmosphere of inheritance and perfecting the interpretation system, and then working in them, enhancing villagers' participation and reappearing distinguished scenes. The purpose of exploring the optimization plan of human settlement environment of traditional villages from the perspective of “double repair” is to achieve organic renewal on the basis of retaining the original styles and features, complete the transformation development of material space and non-material space, and promote the sustainable development of human settlement environment of traditional villages.