In order to solve negative impacts of clay minerals on actual construction, the anti-clay polycarboxylate superplasticizer(PCE) was synthesized using acrylic acid(AA), isoamyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether(TPEG), and hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride(HPMA) as raw materials，and its structure was characterized. The dispersibility of PCE in paste, mortar, and concrete was tested under the conditions of adding different amounts and different types of clay minerals. The adsorption capacity of different clay minerals to PCE was measured by total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer.The interlayer spacing of three clay minerals interacting with PCE was tested by XRD. The results show that the order of negative effect and adsorption amount of clay minerals for PCE is montmorillonite > kaolin > illite. PCE interacts with illite and kaolin through surface adsorption, while it interacts with montmorillonite through interlayer adsorption amount.