In order to achieve synchronous encryption of multiple images and improve the security of ciphertext and the ability to resist geometric transformation attacks, the multi-image optical encryption algorithm based on quick response and cascaded fractional transform is proposed in this paper. By introducing complex number theory, the first plaintext is processed with template image to form complex image. The complex image is decomposed based on the phase–amplitude truncation mechanism to obtain the phase distribution. With the help of Logistic map, the random masks are obtained, and the modulation masks are constructed by combining Fresnel band and Hilbert models. Combining the phase truncation method with fractional order Fourier transform, a cascaded Fast Fourier Transform(FFT) encryption mechanism is designed, and the remaining plaintext is processed by frequency domain transformation based on modulating mask and phase distribution to output the amplitude image, then it is converted into corresponding Quick Response(QR) code. The Gyrator transform is introduced, and the QR code is interfered by laser beam through the corresponding photoelectric device to get the cipher. The test data show that compared with the existing multi-image optical encryption technology, the proposed algorithm has higher security and anti-attack ability, and the distortion of the restored image is smaller under the clipping transformation.