Author Affiliations
1Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 1300122Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. 机载相机三维结构Three-dimensional structure of the airborne camera
Fig. 2. 镜筒有限元网格模型Finite element mesh model of the lens barrel
Fig. 3. 开始工作时透镜温度分布Lens temperature distribution at the beginning of operation
Fig. 4. 工作10 min时透镜温度分布Lens temperature distribution at 10 min
Fig. 5. 工作20 min时透镜温度分布Lens temperature distribution at 20 min
Fig. 6. 工作30 min时透镜温度分布Lens temperature distribution at 30 min
Fig. 7. 工作40 min时透镜温度分布Lens temperature distribution at 40 min
Fig. 8. Optical system point map design value
Fig. 9. Point map fit value when starting work
Fig. 10. Working for 10 min point map fitting value
Fig. 11. Working for 20 min point map fitting value
Fig. 12. Working for 30 min point map fitting value
Fig. 13. Working for 40 min point map fitting value
Material | Conductivity/ (W·m-1·K-1) | Young′s modulus/MPa | Density/(t·mm-3) | Specific heat/(MJ·t-1·K-1) | Poisson′s ratio | Expansion/℃ | Aluminum | 217.7 | 6.9×104 | 2.70×10-9 | 8.88×107 | 0.33 | 2.40×10-5 | H-ZBAF50 | 0.67 | 8.6×104 | 3.77×10-9 | 5.4×108 | 0.279 | 9.00×10-6 | H-F13 | 0.96 | 8.4×104 | 2.69×10-9 | 8.08×108 | 0.231 | 9.90×10-6 | H-ZK6 | 0.83 | 8.3×104 | 3.54×10-9 | 6.9×108 | 0.267 | 7.90×10-6 | H-ZK20 | 1.02 | 7.7×104 | 3.66×10-9 | 7.6×108 | 0.271 | 9.00×10-6 | F2 | 0.883 | 5.7×104 | 3.50×10-9 | 8.58×108 | 0.221 | 1.20×10-5 |
|
Table 1. Material thermal properties
No. | n0 | nx1 | nx2 | ny1 | ny2 | nz1 | nz2 | 1 | 1.658 44 | 5.22×10-7 | -3.52×10-9 | 1.58×10-11 | 3.43×10-9 | 5.09×10-7 | 3.44×10-9 | 3 | 1.625 88 | 9.54×10-7 | -2.09×10-9 | 5.94×10-11 | 1.18×10-8 | 1.60×10-6 | 1.18×10-8 | 5 | 1.612 72 | -2.66×10-8 | 2.24×10-10 | -1.65×10-12 | -2.02×10-10 | -2.43×10-8 | -2.02×10-10 | 7 | 1.617 2 | -5.07×10-8 | 2.69×10-10 | -7.15×10-12 | -6.61×10-10 | -6.70×10-8 | -6.62×10-10 | 9 | 1.620 04 | 2.79×10-6 | -3.45×10-8 | 2.90×10-10 | 2.38×10-8 | 2.24×10-6 | 2.37×10-8 | 11 | 1.658 44 | 3.05×10-6 | -6.89×10-8 | -2.13×10-11 | 9.66×10-10 | 8.29×10-8 | 9.52×10-10 |
|
Table 2. Gradient index coefficient at the beginning of work
No. | n0 | nx1 | nx2 | ny1 | ny2 | nz1 | nz2 | 1 | 1.658 44 | 4.97×10-7 | -3.29×10-9 | 1.33×10-11 | 2.96×10-9 | 4.39×10-7 | 2.96×10-9 | 3 | 1.625 88 | 6.97×10-7 | -1.84×10-9 | 3.87×10-11 | 7.79×10-9 | 1.05×10-6 | 7.79×10-9 | 5 | 1.612 72 | -1.14×10-8 | 6.51×10-11 | -6.27×10-13 | -8.86×10-11 | -1.07×10-8 | -8.85×10-11 | 7 | 1.617 2 | -2.78×10-8 | 1.75×10-10 | -1.77×10-12 | -1.73×10-10 | -1.75×10-8 | -1.73×10-10 | 9 | 1.620 04 | 1.69×10-6 | -2.03×10-8 | 1.50×10-10 | 1.23×10-8 | 1.17×10-6 | 1.23×10-8 | 11 | 1.658 44 | 2.19×10-6 | -4.85×10-8 | -1.51×10-11 | 6.07×10-10 | 5.20×10-8 | 5.98×10-10 |
|
Table 3. Working for 10 min gradient refractive index coefficient
No. | n0 | nx1 | nx2 | ny1 | ny2 | nz1 | nz2 | 1 | 1.658 44 | 2.77×10-7 | -1.92×10-09 | 5.38×10-12 | 1.15×10-9 | 1.71×10-7 | 1.15×10-9 | 3 | 1.625 88 | 3.78×10-7 | -1.52×10-09 | 1.59×10-11 | 3.16×10-9 | 4.27×10-7 | 3.16×10-9 | 5 | 1.612 72 | 6.79×10-9 | -9.11×10-12 | 9.78×10-13 | 1.38×10-10 | 1.66×10-8 | 1.38×10-10 | 7 | 1.617 2 | -2.43×10-8 | 2.09×10-10 | -3.59×10-13 | -3.74×10-11 | -3.78×10-9 | -3.74×10-11 | 9 | 1.620 04 | 1.07×10-6 | -1.24×10-8 | 7.15×10-11 | 5.89×10-9 | 5.56×10-7 | 5.89×10-9 | 11 | 1.658 44 | 1.25×10-6 | -2.65×10-8 | -5.89×10-12 | 2.95×10-10 | 2.53×10-8 | 2.90×10-10 |
|
Table 4. Working for 20 min gradient refractive index coefficient
No. | n0 | nx1 | nx2 | ny1 | ny2 | nz1 | nz2 | 1 | 1.658 44 | 2.27×10-7 | -1.32×10-9 | 4.38×10-12 | 1.00×10-9 | 1.01×10-7 | 9.12×10-10 | 3 | 1.625 88 | 3.36×10-7 | -1.21×10-9 | 1.30×10-11 | 3.08×10-9 | 3.97×10-7 | 2.91×10-9 | 5 | 1.612 72 | 6.47×10-9 | -7.07×10-12 | 8.37×10-13 | 1.21×10-10 | 1.36×10-8 | 1.16×10-10 | 7 | 1.617 2 | -1.83×10-8 | 1.36×10-10 | -2.69×10-13 | -3.00×10-11 | -2.98×10-9 | -3.32×10-11 | 9 | 1.620 04 | 9.73×10-7 | -1.01×10-8 | 6.95×10-11 | 5.01×10-09 | 5.56×10-7 | 5.13×10-9 | 11 | 1.658 44 | 1.11×10-6 | -2.42×10-8 | -5.23×10-12 | 2.73×10-10 | 2.33×10-8 | 2.00×10-10 |
|
Table 5. Working for 30 min gradient refractive index coefficient
No. | n0 | nx1 | nx2 | ny1 | ny2 | nz1 | nz2 | 1 | 1.658 44 | 1.97×10-7 | -1.22×10-9 | 4.28×10-12 | 9.30×10-10 | 9.61×10-8 | 8.82×10-10 | 3 | 1.625 88 | 3.15×10-7 | -1.17×10-9 | 1.16×10-11 | 2.99×10-9 | 3.87×10-7 | 2.71×10-9 | 5 | 1.612 72 | 6.35×10-9 | -7.01×10-12 | 8.15×10-13 | 1.07×10-10 | 1.29×10-8 | 1.03×10-10 | 7 | 1.617 2 | -1.53×10-8 | 1.23×10-10 | -2.55×10-13 | -2.86×10-11 | -2.57×10-9 | -3.20×10-11 | 9 | 1.620 04 | 9.69×10-7 | -9.51×10-9 | 6.73×10-11 | 4.59×10-9 | 5.37×10-7 | 4.93×10-9 | 11 | 1.658 44 | 1.01×10-6 | -2.34×10-8 | -5.11×10-12 | 2.67×10-10 | 2.18×10-8 | 1.50×10-10 |
|
Table 6. Working for 40 min gradient refractive index coefficient
Field angle | RMS/μm | Design | Start working | Wroking 10 min | Working 20 min | Working 30 min | Working 40 min | Zero-field | 1.405 | 1.538 | 1.53 | 1.529 | 1.534 | 1.526 | Half-field | 1.527 | 1.72 | 1.701 | 1.687 | 1.686 | 1.682 | Full-field | 2.033 | 2.216 | 2.2 | 2.185 | 2.182 | 2.180 |
|
Table 7. Diffraction spot radius of different gradient index optical systems