Atmospheric turbulence and the weather conditions are bound to affect the quality of optical signal in wireless optical communication, increase the system error rate and reduce the communication distance. 16 binary phase shift keying (16PSK) subcarrier modulation block in wireless optical communication system is designed based field programmable gate array (FPGA) and AD9788. Subcarrier modulated wireless optical communication system is established, and communication experiments are performed under four weather conditions (cloudy, sunny, rainy, snowy). The constellation diagram, error rate, eye diagram and the power spectrum on different weathers are analyzed and contrasted at the receiver. The phase convergent information in cloudy is better than other weathers, and the bit error rate is about 2.9 × 10-3, while phase information is dispersive in snowy. Power spectrum curve has the largest power at the carrier frequency under four kinds of weather, and the spectrum curves under cloudy and light rain weathers are smoother and less jitter. The experimental results prove that the wireless optical communication on subcarrier 16PSK modulation is feasible to realize point to point communication.