In order to measure the stress birefringence distribution of optical samples with different configurations, a multi-configuration scanning system for birefringence distribution measurement was designed based on the double elastic light modulation method. The system not only ensured the high resolution of the measurement, but improved the measurement accuracy and breadth by keeping the laser stationary and making the sample move quickly. In terms of sample measurement, the 633 nm (1/4) glass was adopted to test, the relative error of the detection results was 0.79%~0.95%, with a variation range of 0.12 nm, and the standard deviation was 0.035 2. The variation range of the BK7 glass sample was 0.25 nm, and the standard deviation of the experimental results was 0.038 9. For scanning accuracy, the continuous scanning accuracy error does not exceed 0.05 mm, and the continuous inching scanning accuracy error is less than 0.009 mm. According to the above two experimental results, it can be concluded that the multi-configuration scanning system can effectively solve the problem of high precision stress birefringence measurement in any area of the sample.