In order to study the influence of turbulent atmosphere in the surface layer on the fluctuation of the angle of arrival(AoA) of light propagation under different meteorological conditions, an optical transmission experiment was carried out on a flat grass in the campus. A semiconductor laser was used as the light source, and the light signal was received by a telescope with focal length of 1300 mm after transmitting 60 m to the receiving location, then a CCD camera was used to shoot grayscale pictures of the light spot. Ratio of the AoA fluctuations in vertical and horizontal directions was calculated based on the position of the light spot on the photo. The atmospheric turbulent refractive structure constant on the transmission path was also calculated. Simultaneously, meteorological parameters near the transmission path, such as temperature and wind speed, were measured so as to calculate the Richardson number as a stability parameter. The results showed that when the Richardson number is greater than 0.25, the ratio of vertical and horizontal AoA variances is greater than 1.0; when the Richardson number is less than 0.25, the ratio of vertical and horizontal AoA variances fluctuates around 1.0. Thus, it can be seen that atmospheric turbulence is anisotropic under stable stratification conditions and isotropic under unstable stratification conditions.