Author Affiliations
1School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China2College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China3China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China4Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering, Beijing 100094, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of two-bubble positions in the pipeline (two-dimensional).
Fig. 2. Effects of acoustic excitations with different frequencies (2, 15 and 50 kHz) and amplitudes (1 Pa and 1 kPa) on the bubble dynamics under single free and regulated two-bubble vibrations: (a) Relative radius of bubble 1 between two configurations (single free and regulated two-bubble vibrations) with the amplitude of acoustic excitation being 1 Pa; (b) relative radius of bubble 2 between two configurations (single free and regulated two-bubble vibrations) with the amplitude of acoustic excitation being 1 Pa; (c) relative radius of bubble 1 between two configurations (single free and regulated two-bubble vibrations) with the amplitude of acoustic excitation being 1 kPa; (d) relative radius of bubble 2 between two configurations (single free and regulated two-bubble vibrations) with the amplitude of acoustic excitation being 1 kPa. The figure legend is given in panel (d).
Fig. 3. Effects of acoustic excitations with different frequencies (2, 15 and 50 kHz) and amplitudes (1 Pa and 1 kPa) on the bubble dynamics under different distances, with 2 mm and 8 mm, between the two bubbles: (a) Relative radius of bubble 1 under two different bubble’s distance with the amplitude of acoustic excitation being 1 Pa; (b) relative radius of bubble 2 under two different bubble’s distance with the amplitude of acoustic excitation being 1 Pa; (c) relative radius of bubble 1 under two different bubble’s distance with the amplitude of acoustic excitation being 1 kPa; (d) relative radius of bubble 2 under two different bubble’s distance with the amplitude of acoustic excitation being 1 kPa. The figure legend is given in panel (a) and (c).
Fig. 4. Effects of acoustic excitations with different frequencies (2, 15 and 50 kHz) and amplitudes (1 Pa and 1 kPa) on the second Bjerknes force under different distances, with 2 mm and 8 mm, between the two bubbles: (a) Relative radius of bubble 1 under two different bubble’s distance with the amplitude of acoustic excitation being 1 Pa; (b) relative radius of bubble 2 under two different bubble’s distance with the amplitude of acoustic excitation being 1 Pa; (c) relative radius of bubble 1 under two different bubble’s distance with the amplitude of acoustic excitation being 1 kPa; (d) relative radius of bubble 2 under two different bubble’s distance with the amplitude of acoustic excitation being 1 kPa.
Fig. 5. Effects of different bubble locations on the bubble’s dynamics with the frequency of acoustic excitation being 2 kHz: (a) The radius dynamics of bubble 1 under three different locations; (b) the radius dynamics of bubble 2 under three different locations
Fig. 6. Effects of different bubble locations on the bubble’s dynamics with the frequency of acoustic excitation being 15 kHz: (a) The radius dynamics of bubble 1 under three different locations; (b) the radius dynamics of bubble 2 under three different locations.
Fig. 7. Effects of different bubble locations on the bubble’s dynamics with the frequency of acoustic excitation being 50 kHz: (a) The radius dynamics of bubble 1 under three different locations; (b) the radius dynamics of bubble 2 under three different locations.
Fig. 8. Amplitude-frequency response chart of bubble dynamics under pulse excitation: (a) Amplitude-frequency response chart of free single bubble system; (b) amplitude-frequency response chart of two-bubble coupled system with bubble distance being 8 mm.
Fig. 9. Amplitude-frequency response chart of nonlinear two-bubble dynamics under pulse excitation.