Resources science is a new scientific field which combines natural science, social science and engineering technology, and it is characterized by comprehensive and interdisciplinary subjects. It is of significance to indicate the direction of resources science discipline construction and the talent training to meet the needs of national and social development. Based on the course of discipline development of resources science, this paper probed into the professional setting and talent cultivation mode in colleges and universities at home and abroad and then summarized the achievements and shortcomings of the discipline construction and talent cultivation of resources science in China, which is expected to meet the national demands in a better way.