The principles and characteristics of the three main DOFS technologies based on Raman scattering， Brillouin scattering and Rayleigh scattering were compared and summarized， and the research and application status of DOFS systems in the fields of transmission line dancing and lightning strike monitoring at home and abroad were introduced. The shortcomings of overhead transmission line dancing and lightning monitoring technology based on distributed optical fiber sensing were analyzed. It was pointed out that key technologies such as distributed amplification， optical pulse coding， multi-parameter fusion and synesthesia integration would be the next stage of development trend and research hotspot in this field.