The development of high-performance anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) contributes to reducing the working temperature of SOFCs, and the preparation process and structural parameters of cells have a significant impact on the performance. Tape casting is a cheap and mass-produced cell fabrication method. In this paper, anode-supported SOFCs were prepared by a tape casting technique. The effects of pore-former type in anode support, the thickness and porosity of the anode functional layer and the thickness of the electrolyte on the SOFC performances were investigated. An anode functional layer with the thickness of about 12 μm was prepared when PMMA was used as a pore-former of the anode support, thus obtaining a preferred anode structure. Reducing the thickness of the electrolyte can reduce the ohmic resistance, but a too thin electrolyte can lead to the insufficient strength of electrolyte, affecting the stable operation of SOFCs. An anode-supported SOFC with the optimized anode and an electrolyte thickness of 8 μm has a peak power density of 1.2 W·cm-2 at 800 ℃.