By combining the nano-technology with the fiber technology, a novel optical fiber doped with InP semiconductor nano-particles was fabricated by using the modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) method. Through experiment, the mass fraction of InP in fiber is approximately 0.1%, and the fiber has an excellent waveguide characteristic. By using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), a stereo-scan photograph of the fiber was got, and based on the graph, the effective core area Aeff≈10.01 μm2 was calculated by using the finite element method (FEM). So the nonlinear coefficient of the fiber γ=10.53 W-1·km-1 was got. The results show that this novel optical fiber has a higher nonlinear coefficient than the normal fibers.