According to the spectral distribution function and the extinction factor of the ice crystal and the water droplet in the ice-water mixed clouds, the attenuation relationships between the ratio of ice and water and the channel of the quantum satellite communication were attained. For the bit flipping channels and the depolarizing channels, the equations between the ratio of ice and water and the channel capacity, and the channel average fidelity were established respectively. The effect of the ratio of ice and water in the ice-water mixed clouds on the quantum channel establishing rate was analyzed. The simulation results show that, when the ratio of ice and water in the ice-water mixed clouds is 1∶2 and 1∶9, for the bit flipping channel, the channel capacity is 0.65 and 0.92, and for the depolarizing channel that is 0.59 and 0.95 respectively. When the probability of the source character is 0.9, for the bit flipping channel, the channel average fidelity is 0.60 and 0.83, and for the depolarizing channel that is 0.89 and 0.95 respectively. When the transmission distance is 2 km, the fidelity of the entangled particle pair is 0.8, the quantum channel establishing rate is 7.40Hz and 15.57Hz respectively. Therefore, when the quantum satellite signs are appearing a greater attenuation, in order to improve the reliability of the quantum satellite communication, the parameters should be adjusted adaptively in light of the ratio of ice and water in the ice-water mixed clouds.