The automatic multi-band solar radiometer was developed, which contains eight spectral channels, covering visible-near infrared bands. By two-dimensional rotary table and four-quadrant tracking module, the instrument can accomplish real-time automatic measurement of direct solar irradiance, sky radiance, aerosol optical thickness, moisture content of large gas column and ozone content, and can control and transmit data remotely. In order to reduce the influence of temperature change on detector response, temperature control was designed for the eight-channel main part of the optical machine head. Based on the actual situation of the field environment, the thermodynamic finite element analysis of the key parts of the eight-channel main body and the heat dissipation enclosure was carried out. The results show that the installation structure of the main optical components can meet the requirements of parts deformation caused by actual temperature changes. Increasing the heat dissipation area of the enclosure can effectively improve the temperature control efficiency of the eight-channel body and enhance the adaptability of the field environment. Instrument in dunhuang radiation correction field worked for a long time with weathered sand, rain, and temperature, the temperature control system of temperature remain at 25±0.2℃, showing good stability and reliability of the design of temperature control.