Recent Progress of Solid-State Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics Based on Interaction Between Plasmonic Nanocavity and Two-Dimensional Excitons (Invited)
Xinrui Li, Yanru Chen, Longlong Yang, Hancong Li, and Xiulai Xu
The study of cavity quantum electrodynamics based on optical microcavities and solid-state quantum systems such as quantum emitters and quantum spin systems are widely applied to modern quantum optics and quantum information science. In recent years, the study of the interaction between plasmonic nanocavity with mode volume beyond diffraction limit and high-performance two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor excitons receives extensive attention, and it is expected that such cavity-exciton system can be applied to integrated quantum optical systems. The study first introduces the weak and strong coupling between plasmonic nanocavities and 2D semiconductor excitons, and summarizes the modulation of excitonic spin-valley photonics of 2D semiconductor excitons and the coupling at the nanoscale. Then, the coupling of the nanocavity with the 2D single defective quantum emitter is introduced, demonstrating the potential application of such system in future integrated nano-optoelectronics. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for the study of plasmonic nanocavities and low-dimensional exciton systems are discussed.The study of cavity quantum electrodynamics based on optical microcavities and solid-state quantum systems such as quantum emitters and quantum spin systems are widely applied to modern quantum optics and quantum information science. In recent years, the study of the interaction between plasmonic nanocavity with mode volume beyond diffraction limit and high-performance two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor excitons receives extensive attention, and it is expected that such cavity-exciton system can be applied to integrated quantum optical systems. The study first introduces the weak and strong coupling between plasmonic nanocavities and 2D semiconductor excitons, and summarizes the modulation of excitonic spin-valley photonics of 2D semiconductor excitons and the coupling at the nanoscale. Then, the coupling of the nanocavity with the 2D single defective quantum emitter is introduced, demonstrating the potential application of such system in future integrated nano-optoelectronics. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for the study of plasmonic nanocavities and low-dimensional exciton systems are discussed.
- Jun. 10, 2025
- Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Vol. 62, Issue 11, 1127001 (2025)
- DOI：10.3788/LOP250723
Quantum Squeezing-Enhanced Supersensitive Optomechanical Sensing (Invited)
Shengdian Zhang, Jie Wang, Qian Zhang, Huizu Lin, and Hui Jing
Hybrid quantum systems have emerged as a key platform for promoting breakthroughs of quantum technology and sustainable development of quantum science. Cavity optomechanical systems, with their high integrability and strong tunability, show significant application values in fields such as electro-optomechanical transduction, quantum state preparation, and quantum precision metrology. It is hailed as a milestone in the history of photonics by Nature. Recent advances in laser cooling and micro/nanofabrication techniques have significantly enhanced the ability to manipulate and observe microscopic quantum systems such as atoms, photons, and electrons, facilitating the measurement technique transition from classical sensitivity limits to quantum effect-based supersensitive sensing, achieving exponential performance gains. Here, we review the latest advances in quantum squeezing-enhanced quantum sensing performances, emphasizing the key advantages of quantum compression in achieving ultra-sensitive quantum sensing. From a broader perspective, leveraging squeezing-enhanced supersensitive quantum sensing provides a promising path for improving performance in gravitational-wave detection, dark-matter searches, quantum illumination, and biomolecular tracking.Hybrid quantum systems have emerged as a key platform for promoting breakthroughs of quantum technology and sustainable development of quantum science. Cavity optomechanical systems, with their high integrability and strong tunability, show significant application values in fields such as electro-optomechanical transduction, quantum state preparation, and quantum precision metrology. It is hailed as a milestone in the history of photonics by Nature. Recent advances in laser cooling and micro/nanofabrication techniques have significantly enhanced the ability to manipulate and observe microscopic quantum systems such as atoms, photons, and electrons, facilitating the measurement technique transition from classical sensitivity limits to quantum effect-based supersensitive sensing, achieving exponential performance gains. Here, we review the latest advances in quantum squeezing-enhanced quantum sensing performances, emphasizing the key advantages of quantum compression in achieving ultra-sensitive quantum sensing. From a broader perspective, leveraging squeezing-enhanced supersensitive quantum sensing provides a promising path for improving performance in gravitational-wave detection, dark-matter searches, quantum illumination, and biomolecular tracking.
- Jun. 10, 2025
- Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Vol. 62, Issue 11, 1127004 (2025)
- DOI：10.3788/LOP250675
Development of Zero-Magnetic-Field Achieving Techniques for Spin-Exchange Relaxation-Free Effect
Mengyuan Cui, Xuefeng Wang, Yicheng Deng, and Huanxue He
The spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) state effect has been used to develop high-performance atomic magnetometers and atomic gyroscopes. Under the conditions of high-atomic number density and a zero-magnetic-field environment, alkali metal atoms enter the SERF state because the frequency of their spin-exchange collisions is much greater than the Larmor precession frequency. This results in a major reduction or even elimination of the atomic spin-exchange relaxation, and the linewidth of the atomic magnetic resonance becomes narrower. Heating the alkali metal atom vapor cell and shielding or compensating magnetic fields are key technologies used to attain the SERF state. To achieve a zero-magnetic-field environment, two methods are typically adopted: passive shielding the geomagnetic field with high-permeability materials, or active compensation of the ambient magnetic field with three-axis coils. This study elucidates the physical mechanism underlying the SERF effect, provides an in-depth examination of current techniques for achieving a zero-magnetic-field environment, and offers a comparative analysis of three approaches, namely passive shielding, active compensation, and an approach combining both. Additionally, this study provides technological prospects for achieving zero-magnetic-field environments.The spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) state effect has been used to develop high-performance atomic magnetometers and atomic gyroscopes. Under the conditions of high-atomic number density and a zero-magnetic-field environment, alkali metal atoms enter the SERF state because the frequency of their spin-exchange collisions is much greater than the Larmor precession frequency. This results in a major reduction or even elimination of the atomic spin-exchange relaxation, and the linewidth of the atomic magnetic resonance becomes narrower. Heating the alkali metal atom vapor cell and shielding or compensating magnetic fields are key technologies used to attain the SERF state. To achieve a zero-magnetic-field environment, two methods are typically adopted: passive shielding the geomagnetic field with high-permeability materials, or active compensation of the ambient magnetic field with three-axis coils. This study elucidates the physical mechanism underlying the SERF effect, provides an in-depth examination of current techniques for achieving a zero-magnetic-field environment, and offers a comparative analysis of three approaches, namely passive shielding, active compensation, and an approach combining both. Additionally, this study provides technological prospects for achieving zero-magnetic-field environments.
- Jun. 10, 2025
- Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Vol. 62, Issue 11, 1127018 (2025)
- DOI：10.3788/LOP250477
Paradigm for Quantum Information Technology: Research Progress and Applications of Chiral Quantum Optics (Invited)
Enze Li, Tianyu Wang, and Baosen Shi
Chirality, a fundamental property of substances, is widely present in physical, chemical, and biological systems. Recent studies have made considerable progress on chiral interactions between light and matter, thereby opening up new research directions for quantum optics and information technology. In chiral interactions, the polarization state of the localized light field is closely associated with its propagation direction, thereby achieving nonreciprocal light-matter coupling. This phenomenon breaks through the fundamental assumption of time-reversal symmetry in traditional quantum optics. Consequently, it has yielded a series of novel chiral quantum optical platforms and technologies, including chiral quantum state transfer, deterministic spin photon interfaces, and complex quantum network construction. These advances not only promote the development of multi-quantum state superposition manipulation and direction-dependent state storage technology but also facilitate significant breakthroughs in fields such as quantum communication, computing, and simulation. However, the widespread application of chiral quantum optics is still plagued by several challenges. For example, the designing of efficient chiral interfaces, suppression of photon loss, and characterization of chiral interactions in complex systems are certain major issues that need urgent attention. This article reviews the latest research progress on chiral quantum optics and its applications in quantum information science. Furthermore, the possible future development directions and their potential impacts are explored in detail.Chirality, a fundamental property of substances, is widely present in physical, chemical, and biological systems. Recent studies have made considerable progress on chiral interactions between light and matter, thereby opening up new research directions for quantum optics and information technology. In chiral interactions, the polarization state of the localized light field is closely associated with its propagation direction, thereby achieving nonreciprocal light-matter coupling. This phenomenon breaks through the fundamental assumption of time-reversal symmetry in traditional quantum optics. Consequently, it has yielded a series of novel chiral quantum optical platforms and technologies, including chiral quantum state transfer, deterministic spin photon interfaces, and complex quantum network construction. These advances not only promote the development of multi-quantum state superposition manipulation and direction-dependent state storage technology but also facilitate significant breakthroughs in fields such as quantum communication, computing, and simulation. However, the widespread application of chiral quantum optics is still plagued by several challenges. For example, the designing of efficient chiral interfaces, suppression of photon loss, and characterization of chiral interactions in complex systems are certain major issues that need urgent attention. This article reviews the latest research progress on chiral quantum optics and its applications in quantum information science. Furthermore, the possible future development directions and their potential impacts are explored in detail.
- Jun. 10, 2025
- Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Vol. 62, Issue 11, 1127006 (2025)
- DOI：10.3788/LOP250431
Research Progress in Fusion-Based Quantum Computation (Invited)
Hualei Yin, Xuyang Lu, Qinghang Zhang, and Zengbing Chen
Quantum computing, which leverages fundamental principles of quantum mechanics such as quantum superposition and quantum entanglement to process information and perform computations, holds immense potential for various applications and developments. However, its physical implementation is currently plagued by substantial challenges. Recently, the fusion-based quantum computing scheme has garnered considerable attention. This scheme relies on periodically generated resource states, linking them into a fusion network via fusion measurements to achieve high fault-tolerant efficiency. This study introduces the fundamental principles, fault-tolerant performance, and resource state generation schemes of fusion-based quantum computing. Finally, we discuss future developments in hardware implementation and fault-tolerant efficiency.Quantum computing, which leverages fundamental principles of quantum mechanics such as quantum superposition and quantum entanglement to process information and perform computations, holds immense potential for various applications and developments. However, its physical implementation is currently plagued by substantial challenges. Recently, the fusion-based quantum computing scheme has garnered considerable attention. This scheme relies on periodically generated resource states, linking them into a fusion network via fusion measurements to achieve high fault-tolerant efficiency. This study introduces the fundamental principles, fault-tolerant performance, and resource state generation schemes of fusion-based quantum computing. Finally, we discuss future developments in hardware implementation and fault-tolerant efficiency.
- Jun. 10, 2025
- Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Vol. 62, Issue 11, 1127003 (2025)
- DOI：10.3788/LOP250774
Recent Advances in the Theory and Experiments of Quantum Steering (Invited)
Tongjun Liu, Jian Li, and Qin Wang
Quantum steering represents a significant resource in quantum mechanics, manifesting as a non-classical correlation positioned between quantum entanglement and Bell nonlocality. Its distinctive asymmetric properties and substantial research implications span both fundamental physics and applied science. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the fundamental characteristics, current developments, and emerging trends in quantum steering research. Through an examination of quantum steering in discrete and continuous variables across various degrees of freedom, the paper elucidates its extensive physical implications. Analysis of high-dimensional quantum steering characteristics demonstrates its robust resistance to noise interference. The investigation of quantum steering applications encompasses quantum networks, one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution, quantum random number generation, and quantum communication, highlighting its substantial potential for future quantum industry development. As quantum technology advances and incorporates interdisciplinary approaches, particularly artificial intelligence, quantum steering is positioned to serve as a crucial driver in the evolution of quantum information technology and its industrial applications.Quantum steering represents a significant resource in quantum mechanics, manifesting as a non-classical correlation positioned between quantum entanglement and Bell nonlocality. Its distinctive asymmetric properties and substantial research implications span both fundamental physics and applied science. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the fundamental characteristics, current developments, and emerging trends in quantum steering research. Through an examination of quantum steering in discrete and continuous variables across various degrees of freedom, the paper elucidates its extensive physical implications. Analysis of high-dimensional quantum steering characteristics demonstrates its robust resistance to noise interference. The investigation of quantum steering applications encompasses quantum networks, one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution, quantum random number generation, and quantum communication, highlighting its substantial potential for future quantum industry development. As quantum technology advances and incorporates interdisciplinary approaches, particularly artificial intelligence, quantum steering is positioned to serve as a crucial driver in the evolution of quantum information technology and its industrial applications.
- Jun. 10, 2025
- Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Vol. 62, Issue 11, 1127010 (2025)
- DOI：10.3788/LOP250830
2D Material-Micro/Nano-Photonic Cavity Coupling Quantum Systems and Their Control in Multiple Degrees of Freedom (Invited)
Yuhang Li, Xiulai Xu, and Chenjiang Qian
Two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit novel physical properties such as large exciton binding energy and the ability to be assembled as heterostructures. With the continuous development of 2D materials, their devices have shown significant potential in fileds such as optoelectronics, quantum information, and nanotechnology. Micro/nano-photonic cavities enable control of light-matter interactions at micro/nano-scale dimensions, offering an ideal platform for studying the exciton-photon coupling in the quantum regime. Consequently, the integration of 2D materials with micro/nano-photonic cavities has garnered considerable interest. This review summarizes representative devices that facilitate coupling between 2D materials and micro/nano-photonic cavities, with a focus on quasiparticle interactions and control in multiple degrees of freedom. By designing and manipulating these coupled systems, researchers can explore novel quantum phenomena such as exciton-photon polaritons and exciton-nanocavity coupling in the phononic degrees of freedom. The rich quantum effects observed in such systems demonstrate their notable potential for applications in quantum sources, nonlinear optics, and topological photonics. Despite challenges related to preparation and integration processes, and theoretical complexities involving strong correlations and many-body effects, the rapid progress in 2D material-micro/nano-photonic cavity coupling systems is opening new avenues for advancing quantum photonic technologies.Two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit novel physical properties such as large exciton binding energy and the ability to be assembled as heterostructures. With the continuous development of 2D materials, their devices have shown significant potential in fileds such as optoelectronics, quantum information, and nanotechnology. Micro/nano-photonic cavities enable control of light-matter interactions at micro/nano-scale dimensions, offering an ideal platform for studying the exciton-photon coupling in the quantum regime. Consequently, the integration of 2D materials with micro/nano-photonic cavities has garnered considerable interest. This review summarizes representative devices that facilitate coupling between 2D materials and micro/nano-photonic cavities, with a focus on quasiparticle interactions and control in multiple degrees of freedom. By designing and manipulating these coupled systems, researchers can explore novel quantum phenomena such as exciton-photon polaritons and exciton-nanocavity coupling in the phononic degrees of freedom. The rich quantum effects observed in such systems demonstrate their notable potential for applications in quantum sources, nonlinear optics, and topological photonics. Despite challenges related to preparation and integration processes, and theoretical complexities involving strong correlations and many-body effects, the rapid progress in 2D material-micro/nano-photonic cavity coupling systems is opening new avenues for advancing quantum photonic technologies.
- Jun. 10, 2025
- Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Vol. 62, Issue 11, 1127005 (2025)
- DOI：10.3788/LOP250712
Magnetic Imaging of Ferric Oxide Via Scanning Nitrogen-Vacancy Microscopy (Invited)
Zhousheng Chen, Yongqing Cai, Haoyu Yan, Zhe Ding... and Fazhan Shi|Show fewer author(s)
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond have important applications in quantum sensing and precision measurement owing to their unique photoluminescence and electron spin resonance properties. Through the integration of NV color centers as quantum sensors at the probe tip coupled with the combination of confocal and scanning probe technologies, this study designs a scanning microscopy system based on these centers. This method successfully breaks through the bottleneck of micro magnetic imaging required for detecting magnetic materials. This system was used to perform magnetic imaging of iron oxide samples, revealing their microscopic magnetic domain structure. Based on a comparative analysis with magnetic field microscopy imaging results, the advantages of scanning NV microscopy in microscopic magnetic imaging are demonstrated. Therefore, based on this study, future research can focus on the micro magnetic detection of two-dimensional iron oxide materials and their applications in catalysis and other fields.Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond have important applications in quantum sensing and precision measurement owing to their unique photoluminescence and electron spin resonance properties. Through the integration of NV color centers as quantum sensors at the probe tip coupled with the combination of confocal and scanning probe technologies, this study designs a scanning microscopy system based on these centers. This method successfully breaks through the bottleneck of micro magnetic imaging required for detecting magnetic materials. This system was used to perform magnetic imaging of iron oxide samples, revealing their microscopic magnetic domain structure. Based on a comparative analysis with magnetic field microscopy imaging results, the advantages of scanning NV microscopy in microscopic magnetic imaging are demonstrated. Therefore, based on this study, future research can focus on the micro magnetic detection of two-dimensional iron oxide materials and their applications in catalysis and other fields.
- Jun. 10, 2025
- Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Vol. 62, Issue 11, 1127019 (2025)
- DOI：10.3788/LOP250585
Progress of Phase-Locked Control Techniques in Optical Quantum Information (Invited)
Xueshi Guo, Fenghao Qiu, Wenqi Li, and Xiaoying Li
Quantum information technology is an emerging discipline that combines quantum mechanics with information science, promising revolutionary advancements in computing, communication, and precision measurement. Optical quantum systems, known for their low transmission loss and low-noise coupling at room temperature, are crucial components of quantum information technology. To effectively utilize the low noise and strong quantum correlation properties of optical quantum systems, phase-locked control technology is widely applied in quantum state generation, mode regulation, and quantum state detection. This article reviews the research progress in phase-locked control technology within the field of optical quantum information field, including the principles of the technology, its typical applications in optical quantum information systems, and implementation schemes under weak light intensity conditions, and prospects for future development directions.Quantum information technology is an emerging discipline that combines quantum mechanics with information science, promising revolutionary advancements in computing, communication, and precision measurement. Optical quantum systems, known for their low transmission loss and low-noise coupling at room temperature, are crucial components of quantum information technology. To effectively utilize the low noise and strong quantum correlation properties of optical quantum systems, phase-locked control technology is widely applied in quantum state generation, mode regulation, and quantum state detection. This article reviews the research progress in phase-locked control technology within the field of optical quantum information field, including the principles of the technology, its typical applications in optical quantum information systems, and implementation schemes under weak light intensity conditions, and prospects for future development directions.
- Jun. 10, 2025
- Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Vol. 62, Issue 11, 1127013 (2025)
- DOI：10.3788/LOP250884
Research Progress of Acoustic Quantum State Regulation and Application Based on the Optomechanics (Invited)
Peiqin Chen, Jindao Tang, Liping Zeng, Hengrui Liang... and Guangwei Deng|Show fewer author(s)
As an important research tool of quantum technology, acoustic quantum states in the optomechanical system play an important role in quantum communication, quantum computing, precision measurement, and other fields. This paper reviews the development of acoustic quantum states in the optomechanical system, including the basic physical process of the optoacoustic interaction, the generation and regulation of acoustic quantum states in the optomechanical system, and focuses on the research progress of acoustic quantum states in the application direction of microwave-optical conversion, on-chip information processing, precision measurement, and hybrid systems, as well as the advantages and challenges associated with each direction. Finally, the future development direction of acoustic quantum states in optomechanical crystals is discussed, including discovering more optomechanical coupling mechanisms, increasing the intensity of optomechanical coupling, breaking the quantum limit, large-scale integrated device preparation, and expanding more applications with more other systems.As an important research tool of quantum technology, acoustic quantum states in the optomechanical system play an important role in quantum communication, quantum computing, precision measurement, and other fields. This paper reviews the development of acoustic quantum states in the optomechanical system, including the basic physical process of the optoacoustic interaction, the generation and regulation of acoustic quantum states in the optomechanical system, and focuses on the research progress of acoustic quantum states in the application direction of microwave-optical conversion, on-chip information processing, precision measurement, and hybrid systems, as well as the advantages and challenges associated with each direction. Finally, the future development direction of acoustic quantum states in optomechanical crystals is discussed, including discovering more optomechanical coupling mechanisms, increasing the intensity of optomechanical coupling, breaking the quantum limit, large-scale integrated device preparation, and expanding more applications with more other systems.
- Jun. 10, 2025
- Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
- Vol. 62, Issue 11, 1127009 (2025)
- DOI：10.3788/LOP250734
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