Taking the typical cylindrical photoacoustic cell as the research object, the accurate finite element model of photoacoustic cell acoustic simulation is established. On this basis, the structure parameters of resonant cavity, buffer cavity, intake and outlet holes, as well as temperature and humidity in the photoacoustic cell are studied. The influence of factors on its acoustic eigenfrequency is discussed. The results show that the inlet and outlet holes of a cylindrical photoacoustic cell are insensitive to its acoustic eigenfrequency, and can be neglected in design calculation. The length of the resonator is the most sensitive, followed by the diameter of the resonator. The simulation results also show that the length and diameter of the buffer chamber have a certain influence on it, so it needs to be taken into account when calculating accurately. The influence of temperature and humidity on the acoustic eigenfrequency of photoacoustic cells shows a positive linear growth law. The sensitivity of temperature effect decreases with the increase of resonator length, and the sensitivity of humidity effect decreases with the increase of temperature. When calculating the acoustic eigenfrequencies of photoacoustic units, the effect of humidity can be neglected under room temperature and low humidity.