Based on the professional knowledge of the mechanical accuracy design and detection and the information technology, the virtual scene of geometric error measurement is constructed, and a set of virtual simulation experimental teaching platform for a three-dimensional geometric error measurement with three modules of learning, practice and examination is developed. The structure, principle, operation, error evaluation and data analysis of the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) are integrated in this platform by taking the lower box of reducer as the measurement object, which is commonly used in the engineering practice. According to the geometric shape and surface of the actual part, a virtual simulation environment is constructed to simulate the measurement principle and work steps of the CMM. The training experience is highly restored. Test data, data analysis and experimental operation under different experimental conditions and operations, and the online test report generated by the assessment as the virtual simulation experiment are taken as experimental output. The platform can be used for students to learn independently. This virtual simulation experiment solves the problem of insufficient training in the physical experiment of measuring geometric errors of a large and complex equipment. Students’ understanding of theoretical knowledge has been deepened, and their desire to explore the cutting-edge science has become stronger.