In order to improve the positioning accuracy in the precise strike of targets on the opposite shore by using the remote large-caliber naval guns, an analysis is made to the characteristics of the target positioning error based on the airborne lidar system.Firstly, the target positioning process based on the airborne lidar is given, and the target positioning model is established.Then, all the error sources that affect the target positioning accuracy are analyzed, and the model analyzing the characteristics of the error based on Monte Carlo method is established.Finally, through numerical simulation, the influence of error source on the target positioning accuracy is quantitatively analyzed, and the measures to improve the target positioning accuracy are proposed.The study provides a reference for the improvement of positioning accuracy in the precise strike of targets on the opposite shore by using the remote large-caliber naval guns.