A structure of artificial compound eye was put forward which was centered on high-resolution and small field of view sub-eye lens and has many large FOV and low-resolution sub-eye lens on the curved surface by array configuration. Based on the principle that object field should be seamless stitching and reduce overlap regions, the mathematical relationship between the field angles of sub-eye lens in the X direction and Y direction and the one of the whole compound eye system was analyzed, the mathematical model about the period of marginal array sub-eye lens was deduced. And then, the arrangement criterion of the sub-eye lens array on curved surface was confirmed. The spherical surface part was designed by the arrangement criterion, an alignment method with using of the auto-collimating theodolite and the digital picture processing technique was proposed. The central sub-eye lens and marginal first array sub-eye lens was assembled in the course of adjustment. The results of image data acquisition show that overlap regions of objective field are the same as the theory design, which confirms the arrangement of sub-eye lens is reasonable and the alignment is feasible.