Rutherford scattering experiment is one of the classical experiments in the history of nuclear physics. In consideration of the safety of the radiation source, there is few experimental practices of Rutherford scattering theory in domestic and foreign universities, which limits the understanding of micro-structure of atomic nuclei and microscopic interactions with matters. In response to the above questions, a Rutherford scattering virtual simulation experiment was developed based on Unity3D. The experimental scenes are realistically reproduced and the reliability of the experimental data is guaranteed through Monte Carlo simulation. The experiment content covers the use of semiconductor α spectrometers, verification of the differential cross-section formula of Rutherford scattering, and the application of Rutherford back-scattering in material analysis. The virtual simulation experiment provides more references for the experimental teaching of modern physics experiments, nuclear physics experiments, and materials characterization experiments, and enriches the experimental projects for the nuclear physics experimental teaching.