In order to realize high sensitivity and high quality factor refractive index sensing characteristics, a microring resonator structure based on the slot phase-shifted Bragg grating is proposed. The structure is composed of a slotted straight waveguide embedded phase-shifted Bragg grating coupled with a single real waveguide microring. Two uniform Bragg gratings in the structure form a first-order F-P resonator. The light field oscillates in the F-P resonator through weak reflection of the gratings on both sides, forming a continuous light mode. part of the light waves are coupled into the microring and constantly surround in the microring due to evanescent field. After phase change, and part of the light is coupled back into the slot waveguide and interferes with the continuous state light mode in the F-P resonator, resulting in Fano resonance. Fano resonance has a sharp and asymmetric spectral line shape, so slight disturbance of refractive index in the external environment can cause a shift of resonant wavelength and a drastic change of transmission intensity, so as to achieve high sensitivity refractive index sensing characteristics. The light wave transfer matrix of each part of the structure is established, the light field distribution of each component in the resonator is quantified, and the light wave transmission principle of the system is analyzed. In order to further study the sensing characteristics of the structure, the physical model of SOI platform waveguide with Si as waveguide and SiO₂ as substrate is established, which is compatible with CMOS technology and is very conducive to the integration of photonic devices. Classical Fano formula and the finite difference time domain method are used to fit the output spectrum and simulate the proposed device structure, respectively. The field distribution of the strip waveguide and the slot waveguide with the same size is compared in the simulation process. Compared with the single strip waveguide, the slot waveguide with high refractive index difference is more suitable for the structural design of the sensor.For the refractive index sensor, the higher the quality factor, the stronger optical signal storage ability of the device, and the higher the extinction ratio, the higher the anti-noise sensing performance can be achieved. Therefore, in order to optimizie the quality factor, extinction ratio and transmission intensity of the sensor, the influence of key physical parameters on the sensor performance is analyzed. Among them, the different values of Bragg grating period will affect the generation of Fano resonance and the amplitude of resonant peak in the structure, and the grating duty ratio directly controls the intensity of light wave reflection and the magnitude of reflection phase. At the same time, the number of grating teeth has a great influence on the performance of the sensor, and too many grating teeth will cause the effect of strong grating, resulting in the input optical signal is reflected and reduced quality factor,and the length of the F-P resonator affects the area and intensity of the interaction between the light and the object to be measured. At the same tine, the length of the F-P resonato is related to the transmission loss of the sensor system. In addition, the radius of the microring resonator is closely related to the transmission loss and bending loss of the system. By simulating the output spectrum of different sizes of Bragg grating period, grating duty ratio,grating tooth number, F-P cavity length and microring radius,the optimal structure size is set to ensure the reliable sensing performance of the proposed structure. Based on the optimized physical parameters, the simulation structure is applied to the gas refractive index sensing environment. When the refractive index of the environment to be measured increases from 1.000 to 1.01 with the step size of 0.002, the resonant peak of the output spectrum of the structure is redshifted. There is a good linear relationship between wavelength and refractive, the fitting rate is more than 98%. The proposed structure can be widely used in biological or other sensing fields.In addition, the simulation results show that the quality factor of the structure is 25 729, which is more than 3 times higher than that of the traditional microring resonator, and the extinction ratio is 18.65 dB, which is 6.46 dB higher than the traditional microring resonator. The proposed structure can realize the high noise resistance performance of the sensor characteristics, and the refractive index sensitivity can reach 122 nm/RIU. The comparison between the proposed structure and the single real waveguide microring resonator proposed in the relevant literature proves that the proposed structure has higher quality factor and refractive index sensitivity. In addition, the proposed resonator is composed of single real waveguide microring with simple and compact structure, which reduces the difficulty of the process. Therefore, the structure has certain advantages in sensing applications.