A self-developed laboratory simulation system on turbulent flow is introduced. The characteristics of temperature structure of the stable boundary layer(SBL) and convective boundary layer(CBL) are simulated by controlling temperature of the top and bottom of the laboratory water tank. Warm atmosphere flows through the surface of cool atmosphere uniformly to the SBL, and flat terrain surface are uniformly heated to the CBL. Vertical profiles of mean temperature and heat flux are measured in the SBL and CBL conditions,also the evolution of mixed-layer depth is presented. Results show that the characteristics of temperature structure of the SBL and CBL from laboratory model are in good agreement with the observed result from the atmospheric boundary layer.