For the future development and application requirements of our country’s space science and the limitations of the present satellite calibration and orbit calibration method, a design scheme of self-calibration and wide spectral band (450～1500 nm) radiation reference source is proposed. The radiation reference source is based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion effect. It is mainly composed of four main modules. They are wide spectral band parametric down-conversion, observation and self-calibration multiplexing optical path, multi-channel photon counting and coincidence detection, signal acquisition and measurement control. The radiation reference source has the function of self-calibration and self-observation. It can realize the high precision observation of the earth through its own absolute self-calibration function without external reference. This can provide high accuracy value transfer standard for other satellite payload.