The ability of plenoptic sensor to reconstruct wavefront phase was studied by means of software simulation, where FFT algorithm was used to simulate the wave propagation and diffraction effects, Zernike polynomial was used to simulate the aberration, and the wavefront phase was reconstructed according to the theory of plenoptic mapping and inverse plenoptic mapping. The wavefront phase reconstruction of the first 22 single-order aberrations was studied, and the reconstruction results of the primary aberration and the secondary aberration were compared and analyzed. In addition, multiple sets of simulation experiments were conducted for the wavefront reconstruction of the complex aberrations, and the reconstruction errors of the lower-order complex aberrations and higher-order complex aberrations are also compared. The results show that the plenoptic sensor can reconstruct the wavefront phase regardless of the single-order aberration or the complex aberrations, and the phase reconstruction effect for the lower-order aberration is better than that of the higher-order aberration.