Based on the aerosol scattering coefficient, aerosol mass concentration and meteorological observation data of Shouxian National Climate Observatory Anhui, China, in 2019, the characteristics and causes of aerosol scattering over farmland area of the Huaihe River Basin is statistically analyzed, providing quantitative observation evidence for the study of aerosol radiative forcing and its impact on agricultural production over the Huaihe River Basin. It is shown that the aerosol scattering coefficient in the region has a significant seasonal variation, with the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. The daily average scattering coefficients of aerosols at three wavelengths (450, 525, 635 nm) are 329.8 ± 180.0, 270.2 ± 153.7, 214.4 ± 128.4 mm^-1, respectively. The diurnal variation of aerosol scattering coefficient has a good correlation with weather factors and atmospheric diurnal variation, and the diurnal amplitude in winter is much smaller than that in the other three seasons. The annual average values of Angstrom index, backscattering ratio and aerosol mass scattering coefficient are 1.32, 0.15 and 4.83 m²/g, respectively, indicating that the aerosols over farmland area of the Huaihe River Basin are dominated by fine particles. It is also foungd that the aerosol scattering coefficient is mainly controlled by the westerly winds, and there is a high negative correlation between the scattering coefficient and visibility. In addition, the aerosol scattering coefficient of pollution days is much greater than that of clean days, and pollutants greatly affect the transmission of light radiation in the atmosphere, so the higher the pollution degree, the stronger the scattering effect of the atmosphere is.