The properties of the martian dust aerosols was studied, and the log-normal distribution of particle sizes was used to fit the particle size distribution of the martian dust aerosols.The transmission characteristics of laser with different wavelength were studied by using Mie theory and Monte Carlo method. Under the condition of dust, the variety of the visibility, transmissivity and attenuation with particle mass concentration was analyzed.The curve of visibility along with particle mass concentration at wavelength of 0.55 μm was given, and the calculation results of Mie theory and Monte Carlo method were compared. The results show that the visibility drops rapidly and then decreases slowly and tend to be about 2km with the increase of particle mass concentration.The higher the particle concentration is, the more obvious the phenomenon of multiple scattering is,and the visibility calculated by Monte Carlo method is higher than Mie theory. In the several selected wavelengths, the laser transmission attenuation at wavelengths of 7.46 μm is minimal under the condition of dust,so it is the most suitable for wireless laser communication on Mars.