A method for the simultaneous estimation of the range and velocity of moving targets based on the single dechirped wideband echo is researched.After accurate analysis and derivation, it is indicated that the dechirped wideband echo of a moving target is a kind of LFM signal, whose parameters contain the range and velocity information of the target.Based on this, a method for the parameter estimation of LFM signals based on FRFT is proposed to accurately estimate the range and velocity of the target by using the single wideband echo.This method can not only realize the simultaneous estimation of the range and velocity of a single target or multiple targets, but also double the PRF of the wideband system compared with the working mode switching between wideband and narrowband.This is very beneficial for wideband imaging and target identification.Simulation results indicate that the proposed method not only has low computational complexity and high estimation accuracy of the range and velocity, but also can adapt to situations of different duration and widebands of the signal and different SNRs.It is an adaptable and robust method.