Advances in 2 μm single-longitudinal-mode all-solid-state pulsed lasers (cover paper&#183;invited)

Bingzheng Yan; Xikui Mu; Jiashuo An; Yaoyao Qi; Jie Ding; Zhenxu Bai; Yulei Wang; Zhiwei Lv

doi:10.3788/IRLA20230730

Journals >Infrared and Laser Engineering >Volume 53 >Issue 2 >Page 20230730 > Article

Infrared and Laser Engineering
Vol. 53, Issue 2, 20230730 (2024)

Advances in 2 μm single-longitudinal-mode all-solid-state pulsed lasers (cover paper·invited)

Bingzheng Yan^1、2, Xikui Mu^1、2, Jiashuo An^1、2, Yaoyao Qi^1、2, Jie Ding^1、2, Zhenxu Bai^1、2、*, Yulei Wang^1、2, and Zhiwei Lv^1、2

Author Affiliations

¹Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China

²Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, China

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DOI: 10.3788/IRLA20230730 Cite this Article

Bingzheng Yan, Xikui Mu, Jiashuo An, Yaoyao Qi, Jie Ding, Zhenxu Bai, Yulei Wang, Zhiwei Lv. Advances in 2 μm single-longitudinal-mode all-solid-state pulsed lasers (cover paper·invited)[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2024, 53(2): 20230730 Copy Citation Text

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Energy scheme of active ions[23]. (a) Tm3+; (b) Ho3+

Fig. 1. Energy scheme of active ions^[23]. (a) Tm³⁺; (b) Ho³⁺

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Fig. 2. Structure diagram. (a) Ring cavity; (b) Twisted-mode cavity

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Fig. 3. Experimental setup of the single-longitudinal-mode Q-switched Ho:YVO₄ MOPA system^[38]

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Fig. 4. Experimental setup of the twisted-mode Ho:YAG laser^[42]

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Fig. 5. Experimental setup of the AO Q-switched Tm:YAP laser^[50]

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Fig. 6. Experimental setup of the injection-seeded Ho:YLF laser^[66]

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Fig. 7. Experimental setup of single-longitudinal-mode Ho:YLF laser Doppler wind lidar^[39]

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Fig. 8. Structure diagram of NPRO

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Fig. 9. Experimental setup of the NPRO injection-seeded Ho:YAG laser^[78]

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Fig. 10. Experimental setup of the CDIAL based on 2 µm single-longitudinal-mode laser^[79]

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Crystal	Typical absorption wavelength/nm	Absorption section/cm²	Typical emission wavelength/nm	Emission section/cm²	Fluorescence lifetime/ms
Tm:YAG	785	7.5×10⁻²¹	2 014	2.9×10⁻²¹	11
Tm:YAP	795	3.7×10⁻²¹-8.5×10⁻²¹	1 940, 1 980	5×10⁻²¹-6×10⁻²¹	4.4-7.7
Tm:YLF	792	5.5×10⁻²¹	1 908	2.3×10⁻²¹	16
Ho:YAG	1 908	1.09×10⁻²⁰	2 090	1.14×10⁻²⁰	7
Ho:YLF	1 940	1.2×10⁻²⁰	2 060	1.8×10⁻²⁰	10

Table 1. Spectral characteristics of commonly used gain media for 2 μm solid-state laser

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Year	Institution	Wavelength/nm	Repetition rate	Power/W	Energy	Pulse width/ns
2006^[34]	NASA Langley Research Center	2053	-	-	1.1 J	-
2010^[35]	NASA Langley Research Center	2053	5 Hz	1.25	250 mJ	-
2014^[35]	NASA Langley Research Center	2050.967	100 Hz	-	40 mJ	32
2017^[37]	Harbin Institute of Technology	2063.8	-	3.73	-	-
2017^[41]	Harbin Institute of Technology	2053.9	-	0.941	-	-
2019^[38]	Harbin Institute of Technology	2052.96	67 kHz	1.67	24.9 μJ	910

Table 2. Output characteristics of 2 μm single-longitudinal-mode all-solid-state pulsed laser with ring cavity

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Year	Institution	Crystal	Wavelength	Power/W	Pulse width/ns
2012^[44]	Beijing Institute of Technology	Tm:YAG	2 μm	1.46	-
2014^[45]	Harbin Institute of Technology	Ho:YAG	2 μm	1	-
2017^[46]	613th Research Institute of AVIC	Tm:Ho:YAG	2090.9 nm	0.2	-
2020^[42]	Harbin Institute of Technology	Ho:YAG	2097.46 nm	0.4	116.5

Table 3. Output characteristics of 2 μm single-longitudinal-mode all-solid-state laser with twisted-mode cavity

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Year	Institution	Wavelength/nm	Repetition rate/kHz	Energy	Pulse width	Linewidth
2015^[47]	Northwest University	1988.8	96.2	7.5 μJ	2.2 μs	4.2 MHz
2018^[48]	Harbin Institute of Technology	2100.5	3	1.9 mJ	54 ns	-
2019^[49]	Harbin Institute of Technology	2100.5	100	63.3µJ	3.6 ns	-
2020^[50]	Paris-Saclay University	1960	1	230 µJ	50 ns	<4 pm

Table 4. Output characteristics of 2 μm single-longitudinal-mode all-solid-state pulsed laser with VBG

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Year	Institution	Wavelength /nm	Repetition rate	Energy /mJ	Pulse width /ns	Linewidth /MHz
1997^[56]	NASA Langley Research Center	2050	10 Hz	35	400	-
1998^[57]2011^[67]	NASA Langley Research CenterCouncil for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa	20502064	6 Hz50 Hz	125210	170350	--
2012^[58]	Harbin Institute of Technology	2130.7	100 Hz	2.8	289	4.5
2012^[61]	Harbin Institute of Technology	2090.9	100 Hz	7.6	132	3.5
2012^[74]	Harbin Institute of Technology	2090	110 Hz	11	110	4.8
2013^[85]	Harbin Institute of Technology	2118	100 Hz	8	151	3.7
2013^[68]	Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa	2064	60 Hz	330	-	-
2015^[79]	French National Centre for Scientific Research	2050	2 kHz	10	40	10
2016^[76]	Beijing Institute of Technology	2090.2912	200 Hz	14.76	121.6	3.84
2017^[86]	Beijing Institute of Technology	2100	200 Hz	44	113	3.98
2018^[39]	National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Japan	2064	200 Hz	21	150	-
2018^[66]	Harbin Institute of Technology	2050.967	100 Hz	4.4	65	4.1
2018^[77]	Beijing Institute of Technology	2090	1.25 kHz	13.76	178.9	2.65
2019^[69]	Harbin Institute of Technology	2064.414	100 Hz	16.1	221.3	3.87
2020^[80]	Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics	2051.9	10 Hz	5.6	429.7	1.24
2020^[87]	Harbin Institute of Technology	2064.414	100 Hz	24.2	250	2.81
2023^[77]	Harbin Institute of Technology	2090.6964	100 Hz	32.3	166	2.84
2023^[70]	Harbin Institute of Technology	2096.667	100 Hz	33.3	161.2	4.12

Table 5. Output characteristics of 2 μm single-longitudinal-mode all-solid-state pulsed laser with injection-seeded

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