Fig. 1. Single channel morphologies of different coating samples. (a) W10; (b) W20; (c) W30
Fig. 2. XRD pattern of W20 coating
Fig. 3. Microstructures of W20 coating
Fig. 4. Microstructures of WC/Ni based coatings. (a) (b) W10 coating; (c) (d) W20 coating; (e) (f) W30 coating
Fig. 5. Mechanical properties of WC/Ni based coatings. (a) Microhardness; (b) COF; (c) average COF; (d) wear volume
Fig. 6. Wear morphologies of WC/Ni based coatings. (a) W10 coating; (b) W20 coating; (c) W30 coating; (d) mapping of Fig.6(b)
Fig. 7. Polarization curves of WC/Ni based coatings
Fig. 8. Equivalent circuit
Fig. 9. Nyquist and Bode plots of WC/Ni based coatings. (a) Nyquist plot; (b) Bode plot
Material | Atomic fraction /% |
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C | B | Si | Fe | Cr | Ni | Mo | V | P | S | Cu |
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12CrMoV | 0.08~0.15 | — | 0.17~0.37 | Bal. | 0.90~1.20 | — | 0.25~0.35 | 0.15~0.30 | ≤0.35 | ≤0.35 | ≤0.25 | Ni60 | 0.70~1.10 | 3.00~4.00 | 3.50~5.00 | ≤5 | 15.00~17.00 | Bal. | — | — | — | — | — |
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Table 1. Chemical composition of Ni60 and 12CrMoV
Area | Atomic fraction /% |
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C | Fe | Cr | Ni | S | W |
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A | 22.17 | 16.30 | 18.15 | 9.46 | — | 33.92 | B | 9.06 | 24.32 | 22.83 | 37.28 | — | 6.51 | C | 14.69 | 30.80 | 30.20 | 8.44 | 0.77 | 8.75 |
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Table 2. Element proportion of phase
Sample | Average grain size |
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Equiaxed grain | Columnar grain |
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W10 | 6.38(±0.41) | 11.32(±0.27) | W20 | 4.35(±0.32) | 9.63(±0.25) | W30 | 4.17(±0.12) | 9.21(±0.41) |
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Table 3. Average grain size of W10,W20,W30
Sample | Electrochemical parameter |
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Ecorr vs. SCE(saturated calomel electrode)/V | Icorr /(10-5 A/cm2) |
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W10 | -0.742 | 18.60 | W20 | -0.878 | 3.65 | W30 | -0.755 | 5.28 |
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Table 4. Electrochemical parameters obtained by Tafel empirical law and polarization curves
Sample | Rs /(Ω·cm2) | Qf /(Ω-1·Sn·cm-2) | n1 | Rf /(Ω·cm2) | Qdl /(Ω-1·Sn·cm-2) | n2 | Rct /(Ω·cm2) |
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W10 | 4.543 | 1.884×10-4 | 0.6902 | 6.170 | 6.699×10-4 | 0.7120 | 6828 | W20 | 4.722 | 3.625×10-4 | 0.6604 | 16.930 | 9.648×10-5 | 0.8856 | 7782 | W30 | 4.954 | 1.318×10-4 | 0.6388 | 7.048 | 4.590×10-4 | 0.7003 | 7249 |
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Table 5. Equivalent circuit fitting results