With the development of high-power lasers, terahertz (THz) radiation driven by high-power lasers has received extensive attention. However, it is difficult to measure the terahertz radiation produced by high-power laser devices because of their low repetition rate. This can be solved by using a single-shot time-domain spectrum detection technique. Using this technique, the electric field waveform information of terahertz radiation can be obtained in a single measurement. In this study, we review the research progress with respect to the single-shot time-domain spectrum detection for THz radiation. Based on frequency-time encoding and space-time encoding, we introduce spectral encoding detection using a chirped pulse, space-time encoding detection, and other techniques. In this review, the characteristics and parameters of each measurement technique are compared. Finally, we summarize and discuss the future prospects of single-shot detection for THz radiation.