This paper proposes a reconstruction and recovery strategy in order to improve the reliability of the triplex-redundancy flight control computer with a distributed architecture. Firstly, the redundant resource allocation of the triplex-redundancy flight control computer system is introduced from three aspects of the flight control computer, the sensor and the actuator. Secondly, the reconfiguration strategy of the control unit is studied based on the characteristics of the flight control computer with triple-redundancy control units. Meanwhile, the reconfiguration strategies of sensors, pneumatic rudders, interface units and buses are discussed briefly. The fault recovery of the control unit is also studied. The algorithm of fault recovery is designed, the data critical for recovery is selected, and the corresponding recovery protocol is formulated. Finally, a test is carried out on the UAV simulation platform. The results illustrate that the reconstruction and recovery strategy is not only reasonable and effective, but also can increase the reliability of the triplex-redundancy flight control computer.