Based on gray Correlation degree and RSM Model, a multi-objective optimization Model for AAS analysis and determination of gold elements in gold ore is proposed. The foam pretreatment method, oscillation time, aqua regia concentration and thiourea concentration are selected as the optimization objectives, and the absolute value of the relative error of measurement results is determined as the quality index. The orthogonal design experiment based on SNR is established, the test results quality index and corresponding SNR are analyzed and tempered, and the grey correlation coefficient and correlation degree are calculated. The range of determined optimization targets is 0.026, 0.116, 0.176 and 0.375, respectively, and the target of foam treatment is the least significant in qualitative judgment. According to RSM Model, aqua regia concentration, oscillation time and thioureas concentration are determined as single factors in the box-Behnken method test. Three-factor three-level surface design is used to analyze the absolute value of the relative error of the measured results, a significance level table is made, and the response surface test is completed. The prediction model of the quadratic polynomial regression equation is established, and significance analysis is carried out. Its F=217.24, p<0.000 1 indicated that the model had high significance. The correlation coefficient of the model is 0.996 9, and the calibration determination coefficient is 0.992 4, indicating that the model could explain more than 99% of the response value changes. The response surface diagram and contour map are drawn for regression fitting of the test data. The response surfaces shape and the contour lines steepness are determined and analyzed. Finally, the optimal target parameters are found when aqua regia concentration, oscillation time and thiourea concentration are 11.33%, 27.39 min and 0.97% respectively. The relative error of sample measurement results is minimum. The model verification results show that the accuracy and precision of determination results are in line with DZ/T 0130.3—2006 (The Specification of Testing Quality Management for Geological Laboratories) by selecting gold ore national standard substances with different mass concentrations under the combination of optimal target parameters and conditions. The results show that the multi-objective optimization parameters of atomic absorption spectrometry for the analysis of gold elements in gold ore based on gray correlation degree-RSM Model are accurate and reliable, which verifies that the method is scientific and correct and can be applied to practical production and application. This method has unique advantages in the qualitative judgment of the primary and secondary relations among the condition parameters and quantitative calculation of the optimal combination level of the condition parameters, which is expected to play a role in the search for multi-objective optimization design parameter field platform and determine the optimal target combination more effectively.