To investigate the impact of different lithology stone powder as supplementary cementitious material on hydration and microstructure of cement paste, the fluidity ratio and activity index of stone powder were used to study the activity of three stone powder with different lithology, namely basalt, granite and limestone and their influence on adsorptivity of water reducer. Besides, the hydration heat, hydration products and microstructure of the cement pastes mixed with different lithology stone powder were tested by hydration calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, comprehensive thermal analysis and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The results show that the order of adsorption capacity of three stone powders to water reducer is granite powder>basalt powder>limestone powder. The 3 d activity index of limestone is the highest, the 28 d activity index of basalt is the highest, while the 3 and 28 d activity indexes of granite are the lowest. The addition of limestone can promote the early hydration of cement, and more hydration products are formed in the paste mixed with limestone in the early stage, accompanied by the formation of hemicarboaluminate. Basalt has pozzolanic reactivity, which promotes the formation of more hydration products and reduces the amount of Ca(OH)2 in the cement paste mixed with basalt in the middle and late stages. Granite has no hydration reaction activity, and the hydration reaction degree of the paste mixed with granite is the lowest.