Semiconductor photocatalysts can be used to solve energy and environmental problems due to their high efficiency, ecological friendliness and low cost. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a class of metal hydroxides composed of two or more metal cations, with main laminates and interlayer anions and water molecules overlapping each other. LDHs nanomaterials have the advantages of adjustable band gap, large specific surface area, various types, low cost and easy to composite with other materials to realize functionalization, therefore LDHs nanomaterials show good application prospects in the field of photocatalysis. This article systematically reviewed the recent developments in the preparation of photocatalytic LDHs nanomaterials and their photocatalytic application of the decomposition water to produce hydrogen, the adsorption and degradation of organic dyes, and the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. It provides a certain reference for the preparation and regulation of catalytic performance of high-performance LDHs based nano-catalytic materials in the future.