Visual measurement is a promising approach for locating the space deployment mechanism due to simple structure, low cost, and noncontact. Visual measurement data needs to be converted to object space coordinate system in practice, therefore providing guidance for the control quantity of the positioning system. In this paper, a data processing method is proposed by using motion sample data space to construct coordinate system transformation, which eliminates the cumbersome operation of external parameter calibration in on-orbit implementation. After correction by the compensation equation, the positioning accuracy of the single-camera measurement system can reach 0.02mm and 0.003° under the measurement distance of 1.7m.