Border and coastal defense is an important part of national security. The distributed or quasi-distributed optical fiber vibration alarm system with long-distance and real-time alarm capability can provide important technical support for real-time intrusion event detection and alarm of the long land border and coastline of PRC. This paper focuses on different types of optical fiber vibration alarm system, such as scattering, interference, fiber Bragg grating and combined types. The principle, characteristics and defects of these technologies are analyzed. As for the technologies mentioned above, their specific application scenario and installation methods are introduced. Finally, the application prospect and development direction of optical fiber vibration alarm system in border and coastal defense are proposed.