Computational imaging, as a new imaging technology, has attracted more and more attention from researchers. The technical characteristics of computational imaging are summarized and analyzed, its technical advantages are expounded by comparing with traditional imaging methods, and some outstanding applications of computation imaging technology in photoelectric field are listed. With the rapid development of information processing technology, the photoelectric field has put forward higher requirements for imaging detection. In the end, according to the future application requirements, some prospects of computational imaging in the photoelectric field are proposed, which is expected to open up ideas for researchers in related fields.